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<meta name="author" content="Bernard F. SUZANNE">
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<meta name="keywords" lang="en" content="plato, dialogues, philosophy, tetralogies, socrates, greece, alcibiades, lysis, laches, charmides, protagoras, hippias, gorgias, meno, euthyphro, apology, crito, symposium, phaedrus, republic, phaedo, cratylus, ion, euthydemus, menexenus, parmenides, theaetetus, sophist, statesman, philebus, timaeus, critias, laws ">
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<meta name="description" lang="en" content="A new interpretation of Plato's dialogues as a progressive program of education for philosopher-kings, unfolding in seven tetralogies from Alcibiades to Laws, with the Republic as its logical center and the death of Socrates at the end of the Phaedo as its physical center.">
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<td align="LEFT" width="52%"><font size="-1">© 1996 <a href="mailto:bernard.suzanne@polytechnique.org">Bernard SUZANNE</a></font></td>
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<td align="RIGHT" width="48%"><font size="-1">Last updated February 19, 2018</font></td>
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<td align="CENTER" colspan="2"> <p class="centre"><font size="-1">Plato and his dialogues : <a href="plato.htm"></a>Home - <a href="life.htm">Biography</a> - <a href="works.htm">Works</a> and <a href="links.htm">links to them</a> - <a href="intrpret.htm">History of interpretation</a> - <a href="hypotsis.htm">New hypotheses</a> - Map of dialogues : <a href="tetralog.htm#tetramap">table version</a> or <a href="tetrapre.htm#tetramap">non tabular version</a>. Tools : <a href="tools/index.htm">Index of persons and locations</a> - <a href="tools/chrono.htm">Detailed </a> and <a href="tools/synopsis.htm">synoptic</a> chronologies - <a href="tools/mapindex.htm">Maps of Ancient Greek World</a>. Site information : <a href="suzanne.htm">About the author</a> - <a href="sitemap.htm">Map of the site</a></font> <br> <font color="#A00000">Accès à la version française : <a href="fr/plato.htm">Platon et ses dialogues</a> </font> </p> </td>
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<td align="LEFT" rowspan="2" halign="CENTER"> <a href="hypotsis.htm#structured"><img src="images/logo.gif" height="84" width="128" border="0"></a> </td>
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<td align="center" colspan="1"> <h1><font color="#A00000">Plato and his dialogues</font></h1> <font size="+1">by <b>Bernard SUZANNE</b></font> </td>
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<td align="RIGHT"><i>"The safest general characterization <br>of the European philosophical tradition <br>is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato"</i> <br><font size="-1">A. N. Whitehead, <i>Process and Reality</i>, 1929</font> </td>
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<p> </p>
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<hr> <font size="-1">Above: p</font><font size="-1">ortrait of Plato after an original sculpted by Silanion around <a href="tools/chrono.htm#370">370 B. C.</a> for the Academy of Athens, Archæological Museum, Island of <a href="tools/loc/thasos.htm">Thasos</a> ; below, fragment of a mosaic from the Saint-Gregory Convent in Rome exhibiting the inscription in Greec "gnôthi sauton", meaning "Know thyself", Rome, National Museum of the Thermae. </font>
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<p></p>
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<p>Plato is probably one of the greatest philosophers of all times, if not <i>the</i> greatest. Yet, he was one of the first philosophers, at least in the western philosophical tradition that was born in Greece a few hundred years BC., and anyway he is the first one whose complete works are still available to us. But if we have more than we would bargain for in terms of writings attributed to Plato, as some of the dialogues and letters transmitted to us under his name are obviously not his, we have very little data on his life and literary activity. As a result, many conflicting theories have been developed by scholars of various times regarding the interpretation of Plato's dialogues and their chronology to the extent it bears on that interpretation. This set of pages intends to present a new theory on the interpretation of Plato's dialogues and "philosophy". </p>
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<p><img src="images/gnoti.jpg" width="300" height="159" align="left" vspace="5" hspace="10">But these pages don't intend to make you a Plato scholar, a specialist of his thoughts and "theories", for the simple reason that one of the most ingrained convictions of the author of these pages is that, if Plato wrote <b>dialogues</b> rather than philosophy treatises, and, what's more, dialogues in which he never stages himself as a participant, it is because his purpose was not to tell his readers what <i>he himself</i> thought, what were the answers <i>he himself</i> had given to the most fundamental questions in life about <b>what it means to be a (wo)man</b>, but to teach them <b>to think by themselves</b> so that they could find <i>their own answers</i> to those questions, because he knew that, in such matters, neither he nor we would ever get ultimate, "scientifically" demonstrable, answers, and that each one of us has to <b>build one's own life <i>and live it</i> </b>(and that, no one can do for someone else) based upon <b>hypotheses</b> that had to be the most "<b>reasonable</b>" that was possible, as what defines man is his being an animal endowed with <i>logos</i> (a Greek word meaning both "speech" and "reason", among many other meanings), but that would nonetheless remain till the end "indemonstrable" assumptions. In short, he only wanted to help his readers practice for themselves the motto that was engraved above the main entrance of the temple at Delphi, and which his "master", Socrates, had made his own:<br> </p>
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<td align="center"><font size="+1"><b><font color="#A00000" size="+2">"Know thyself "</font></b></font></td>
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<p>(in Greek : "<em>gnôthi sauton</em>", which is better translated by "<em>come to know thyself</em>" or "<em>learn to know thyself</em>") and thus, to become <b>philosophers</b>, that is, according to Plato at least, not specialists of one scholarly branch of knowledge among others, making a living out of their teaching, peer debates and published works, but, in the etymological sense of the word, "lovers of wisdom", lovers (<i>philoi</i> in Greek) only, not "wise" (<i>sophoi</i> in Greek), because they know the wisdom they love cannot be reached in this life (as the principles upon which it depends cannot be demonstrated, which means, as Socrates used to say, that "I know nothing", meaning "I known nothing for certain, in the strongest sense of these words, nothing, that is, of what alone counts to reach happiness in life"), but constitutes an <b>idea(l) of <i>justice, </i></b>of a justice that is not merely abiding by the laws, but which is the <b>inner harmony</b> to be reached by a human being whose will is torn apart between passions and reason and whose unity is not given from the start, as the foundation for <b>social harmony</b> between men and women in the city.<br> </p>
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<p> <font color="#A00000">(<b>Note :</b> if you are a first time visitor, <a href="#first">click here</a> to move directly to the directory of introductory material)</font></p>
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<p></p>
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<font size="+1"><b>For returning visitors :</b></font>
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<p></p>
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<p><img src="images/but_new.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="LEFT" hspace="0"> <font size="+1"><font color="#A00000"><b>Latest additions to the site : </b></font><font size="+1"><font color="#A00000"><b>(June 27th, 2017)</b></font> The translation in English by me of a paper I originally wrote in French (French title: <a href="fr/pdf/platon_essentiel.pdf" target="_blank">Platon, l'essentiel</a>) titled in English <a href="pdf/plato_essentials.pdf" target="_blank">Plato: the Essentials</a></font> (pdf file, 449 Kb), which provides, in less than twenty pages an overview of the main suggestions Plato submits to our critical examination in the dialogues, followed by a lexicon of Greek words important for understanding Plato, <strong> added July 7th, 2017</strong>; <font color="#A00000"><b>(April 21th, 2017)</b></font> The translation in English by me of a paper I originally wrote in French (French title: <a href="fr/pdf/platon_mode_d_emploi.pdf" target="_blank">Platon, mode d'emploi</a>) titled in English "<a href="pdf/Plato_user_s_guide.pdf" target="_blank">Plato </a></font><a href="pdf/Plato_user_s_guide.pdf" target="_blank">(the philosopher)<font size="+1">: User's Guide</font></a><font size="+1">" (pdf file, about 1,7 Mb), providing a comprehensive overview of my understanding of Plato's dialogues, including a presentation of each dialogue and a translation by me of five key sections of the <em>Republic</em>: the parallel between good and sun (<em>Rep</em>. VI, 504e7-509c4), the analogy of the line (<em>Rep.</em> VI, 509c5-511e5), the allegory of the cave (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 514a1-517a7), its commentary by Socrates (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 517a8-519b7) and the definition of <em>to dialegesthai</em> (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 531c9-535a2) </font> (the paper is about 150 pages plus about 50 pages of appendixes);<br> <br> <font color="#A00000"><b>(January 24th, 2015)</b></font> a paper in English titled "<a href="pdf/can_we_see_the_sun.pdf" target="_blank">Can we see the sun?</a>" (pdf file), detailing my understanding of the allegory of the cave (<a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/caverne.htm"><em>Republic</em> VII, 514a1-517a7</a>), the analogy of the line (<a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/ligne.htm"><em>Republic</em>, VI, 509c5-511e5</a>) and the parallel between good and sun (<a class="perseus" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=plat.+rep.+6.504e"><em>Republic</em> VI, 504e7-509c</a>) and the consequences it has on the general understanding of Plato's dialogues and more specifically on his supposed "theory of forms/ideas";<br> (March 29th, 2013) in the French section of this site, new completely revised annotated translation in French of <em><a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/ligne.htm">Republic</a></em><a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/ligne.htm">, VI, 509c5-511e5 (the analogy of the line)</a> and <em><a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/caverne.htm">Republic</a></em><a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/caverne.htm"> VII, 514a1-517a7 (the allegory of the cave)</a> (the later available since October 23rd, 2012) leading to a completely new understanding of those two famous texts which deciphers all the details of those images ; (July 25th, 2012) in the French section of this site, annotated translation in French of <em>Republic</em>, X, 595c7-598d6 under the title « <a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/trois_couches.htm">les trois couches (lits)</a> », leading to a new understanding of the word <em>eidos</em> and <em>idea</em> in Plato ; (October 16, 2010) in the French section of the site, completion of the annotated translation in French of books V, VI and VII of the <em>Republic</em>, with an introduction, under the title « <a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/intro_vagues.htm">Les trois vagues</a> »; (June 7, 2009) correction to the map of Plato's dialogues to exchange places between the <em>Gorgias</em> and the <em>Hippias Major</em> (see <a href="tetra_2/tetra_2.htm#note20090606">introductoty note to the presentation of the second tetralogy</a> for some explanations on this change); (June
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<p><a href="tetralog.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="LEFT" hspace="0"></a><font size="+2" color="#A00000"> <a href="tetralog.htm">A "map" of Plato's dialogues</a> provinding links to comments on specific tetralogies and dialogues (the "heart" of this site)</font> <br> </p>
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<p><a href="pdf/plato_essentials.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" alt="" width="60" height="40" border="0" align="CENTER"></a> <font size="+1">A</font><font size="+1">n overview of the main suggestions Plato submits to our critical examination in the dialogues titled "</font><a href="pdf/plato_essentials.pdf" target="_blank"><font size="+2">Plato: the Essentials</font></a><font size="+1">" (pdf file of about 20 pages(256 Kb), translation in English by me of a paper I originally wrote in French under the title "<a href="fr/pdf/platon_essentiel.pdf" target="_blank">Platon: l'essentiel</a>")</font> </p>
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<p><a href="pdf/Plato_user_s_guide.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" alt="" width="60" height="40" border="0" align="CENTER"></a> <font size="+1">A comprehensive overview of my understanding of Plato's dialogues titled "</font><a href="pdf/Plato_user_s_guide.pdf" target="_blank"><font size="+2">Plato </font>(the philosopher)<font size="+2">: User's Guide</font></a><font size="+1">" (pdf file of about 150 pages plus about 50 pages of appendixes (1.7 Mb) including a presentation of each dialogue and a translation by me of five key sections of the <em>Republic</em>: the <strong>parallel between good and sun</strong> (<em>Rep</em>. VI, 504e7-509c4), the<strong> analogy of the line</strong> (<em>Rep.</em> VI, 509c5-511e5), the <strong>allegory of the cave</strong> (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 514a1-517a7), its commentary by Socrates (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 517a8-519b7) and the <strong>definition of <em>to dialegesthai</em></strong> (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 531c9-535a2), translation in English by me of a paper I originally wrote in French under the title "<a href="fr/pdf/platon_mode_d_emploi.pdf" target="_blank">Platon, mode d'emploi</a>")</font> </p>
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<p><a href="tools/index.htm"><img src="images/but_tool.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="LEFT" hspace="0"></a> A <b>Tools</b> section providing context and perspective for the dialogues : <a href="tools/synopsis.htm">synoptic</a> and <a href="tools/chrono.htm">detailed</a> <font color="#A00000"><b>chronologies</b></font> of Vth and IVth centuries B. C. (in the making) ; <font color="#A00000"><b>maps</b></font> of <a href="tools/gk_wrld.htm">Greek world</a> from Sicily to Asia Minor, <a href="tools/east_med.htm">Eastern Mediterranean</a> from Egypt to the Black Sea, <a href="tools/greece.htm">Greece</a>, <a href="tools/gr_south.htm">Central Greece and Peloponnese</a>, <a href="tools/attica.htm">Attica</a> and <a href="tools/athens.htm">Athens</a> ; <font color="#A00000"><b>biographical and geographical entries</b></font> on <a href="tools/index.htm">persons and locations</a> of interest in studying Plato and his dialogues (in the making); and also <a href="stephanus.htm">a page dedicated to the Stephanus edition of Plato's complete works</a> (with pictures), which, though dating back to 1578, still serves as the reference today for quoting Plato (see <a href="faq/faq007.htm">question 7 of the frequently asked questions</a>) </p>
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<p><a href="links.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a><font size="+1"> <a href="links.htm">Links to dialogues on the Web</a></font></p>
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<p><font size="+1"><a href="links.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" alt="" width="60" height="40" border="0" align="CENTER"></a><a href="works.htm">A list of Plato's works</a></font>, along with a <a href="biblio.htm"><font size="+1">bibliography on and around Plato</font></a>.<br> <br> <!-- Champ de recherche Google --> </p>
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<td nowrap align="center" width="500">Google search limited to pages of this site</td>
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<p> </p>
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<center> <font size="+1"><b><a name="pdf"></a>Papers in pdf format</b></font>
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<p></p>
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<p><a href="https://get.adobe.com/fr/reader/" target="_blank"><img src="images/adobe_acrobat_reader_33.jpg" alt="Download Adobe Acrobat Reader" width="41" height="34" border="0" align="left"></a>Access to these papers requires <a href="https://get.adobe.com/fr/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Reader</a>, which can be downloaded for free from the Adobe site by <a href="https://get.adobe.com/fr/reader/" target="_blank">clicking here</a>.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a name="plato_essentials" id="plato_essentials"></a>The translation in English by me of a paper I originally wrote in French (French title: <a href="fr/pdf/platon_essentiel.pdf" target="_blank">Platon, l'essentiel</a>) titled in English <a href="pdf/plato_essentials.pdf" target="_blank">Plato: the Essentials</a> (pdf file, 449 Kb), which provides, in less than twenty pages an overview of the main suggestions Plato submits to our critical examination in the dialogues, followed by a lexicon of Greek words important for understanding Plato<br> </li>
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<li><a name="plato_user_s_guide" id="plato_user_s_guide"></a>The translation in English by me of a paper I originally wrote in French (French title: <a href="fr/pdf/platon_mode_d_emploi.pdf" target="_blank">Platon, mode d'emploi</a>) titled in English "<a href="pdf/Plato_user_s_guide.pdf" target="_blank">Plato (the philosopher): User's Guide</a>" (pdf file, about 1,7 Mb), providing a comprehensive overview of my understanding of Plato's dialogues, including a presentation of each dialogue and a translation by me of five key sections of the <em>Republic</em>: the parallel between good and sun (<em>Rep</em>. VI, 504e7-509c4), the analogy of the line (<em>Rep.</em> VI, 509c5-511e5), the allegory of the cave (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 514a1-517a7), its commentary by Socrates (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 517a8,519b7) and the definition of <em>to dialegesthai</em> (<em>Rep</em>. VII, 531c9-535a2) (the paper is about 150 pages plus about 50 pages of appendixes)<br> </li>
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<li>A paper originally written in English, first put online on January 24th, 2015, titled "<a href="pdf/can_we_see_the_sun.pdf" target="_blank">Can we see the sun?</a>" (pdf file), detailing my understanding of the allegory of the cave (<a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/caverne.htm"><em>Republic</em> VII, 514a1-517a7</a>), the analogy of the line (<a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/ligne.htm"><em>Republic</em>, VI, 509c5-511e5</a>) and the parallel between good and sun (<a class="perseus" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=plat.+rep.+6.504e"><em>République</em>, VI, 504e7-509c</a>) and the consequences it has on the general understanding of Plato's dialogues and more specifically on his supposed "theory of forms/ideas";</li>
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<p>French reading visitors will also find on the site of the online philosophical journal <a href="http://revue-klesis.org/" target="_blank"><em>Klèsis</em></a> (this journal changes often of host and of layout, which result in frequent changes of URL for individual pages; if the links below to the journal don't work, used the links to the local copies which, being on my site, don't change):</p>
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<li> a two-part article I wrote for the first issue of that journal ("<em>De la philosophie grecque</em>", published in two parts, the first part, "<a href="http://revue-klesis.org/numeros.html#d1p1" target="_blank"><em>De la philosophie grecque </em>(1)</a>", in February 2006 and the second part, "<a href="http://revue-klesis.org/numeros.html#d1p2" target="_blank"><em>De la philosophie grecque</em> (2)</a>", in April 2006) titled "<em>La fortune détournée de Platon, une étude sur le mot </em>ousia<em> dans les dialogues</em>" ("<em>The diverted wealth of Plato, a study on the word </em>ousia<em> in the dialogues</em>"). The <a href="http://revue-klesis.org/pdf/SuzanneFortuneDetourneePlaton1.pdf" target="_blank">first part of this article</a> (a <a href="fr/pdf/fortune_detournee_1.pdf">copy</a> of it is available on this site by <a href="fr/pdf/fortune_detournee_1.pdf">clicking here</a>, and <a href="fr/pdf/fortune_detournee_1_revison_2012-01.pdf">a revised version of it</a> taking into account the permutation between the <em>Gorgias</em> and the <em>Lesser Hippias</em> that I introduced in June, 2009 (for the reasons of this permutation, see<a href="tetra_2/tetra_2.htm#note20090606"> the opening note to the introduction of the second tetralogy</a>), is available by <a href="fr/pdf/fortune_detournee_1_revison_2012-01.pdf">clicking here</a>), subtitled "<em>Pour en finir avec Darwin chez Platon</em>" ("<em>To rid Plato of Darwin</em>"), is a synthetic presentation of my reading assumptions on the dialogues, as a prelude to the <a href="http://revue-klesis.org/pdf/SuzanneFortuneDetourneePlaton2.pdf" target="_blank">second part</a> (a <a href="fr/pdf/fortune_detournee_2.pdf">copy</a> of it is available on this site by <a href="fr/pdf/fortune_detournee_2.pdf">clicking here</a>), which constitutes the body of the article and where I show how the dual meaning of the word <em>ousia</em> in greek ("wealth, fortune", or else "estate"), in the original meaning, prior to the metaphysical meaning usually rendered by "essence" or "substance") may help us understand in which "metaphysical" meaning Plato used this word and what he means when, at the end of book VI of the <em>Republic</em>, he has Socrates say the the good is "<em>beyond</em><em> </em>ousias" (<a href="fr/tetra_4/republic/soleil.htm#p509b"><em>Republic</em>, VI, 509b9</a>);<br> </li>
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<li>an article written by me and published in issue number 14, <em><a href="http://revue-klesis.org/numeros.html#d14" target="_blank">Varia</a></em>, dated February 2010, titled "<a href="http://revue-klesis.org/pdf/1-Varia-Suzanne.pdf" target="_blank"><strong><em>De la couleur avant toutes choses, les </em>schèmas<em> invisibles du </em>Ménon</strong></a>", and commenting on the examples of "definitions" given by Socrates to Meno in that part of the dialogue bearing his name that I have translated in French under the title "<a href="fr/tetra_3/meno/t73c_77a.htm"><em>Formes et couleurs</em></a>" (a local <a href="fr/pdf/de_la_couleur_avant_toute_chose.pdf">copy</a> of this article is available on this site by <a href="fr/pdf/de_la_couleur_avant_toute_chose.pdf">clicking here</a>).</li>
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</ul>
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<p><font size="+1"></font></p>
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<center>
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<font size="+1"><b>And also :</b></font>
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</center>
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<p></p>
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<p><a href="faq/faqindex.htm"><img src="images/but_faq.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="left"></a><font size="+1">Answers to some <a href="faq/faqindex.htm">Frequently Asked Questions about Plato<br> </a></font>(including a question on <a href="faq/faq006.htm"><b>Plato and Atlantis</b></a>)</p>
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<p><a href="email/index.htm"><img src="images/but_mail.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a><font size="+1"><a href="email/index.htm">E-mail Archives</a> (some of my messages about Plato's dialogues to various lists)</font></p>
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<p><a name="first"></a> <font size="+1"></font></p>
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<center>
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<font size="+1"><b>For first time visitors, as a prelude :</b></font>
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</center>
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<p></p>
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<p><a href="suzanne.htm"><img src="images/but_suz.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a><font size="+1"> <a href="suzanne.htm">About the author</a></font></p>
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<p><a href="how_to.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a><font size="+1"><a href="how_to.htm">How to use these pages</a> </font></p>
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<p><a href="life.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a><font size="+1"><a href="life.htm"> A short biography of Plato</a></font> </p>
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<p><a href="works.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a><font size="+1"> <a href="works.htm">A list of Plato's works</a></font></p>
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<p><a href="intrpret.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a> <font size="+1"> <a href="intrpret.htm">A brief history of the interpretation of Plato's dialogues</a></font> </p>
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<p><a href="hypotsis.htm"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a><font size="+1"> <a href="hypotsis.htm">A new set of hypotheses about Plato's dialogues</a></font> </p>
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<p><a href="pdf/Plato_user_s_guide.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="images/but_logo.gif" border="0" height="40" width="60" align="CENTER"></a> <a href="pdf/Plato_user_s_guide.pdf" target="_blank"><font size="+1">A comprehensive overview of my understanding of Plato's dialogues titled "Plato </font>(the philosopher)<font size="+1">: User's Guide" (pdf file of about 150 pages plus appendixes)</font></a> </p>
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<hr>
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<center>
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<h3>Related sites</h3>
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</center>
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<p><a href="http://eawc.evansville.edu/essays/suzanne.htm"><img src="images/eawc_bs.gif" border="0" height="75" width="75" align="LEFT" hspace="10"></a><font size="+1"> <a href="essay_en.htm">An introductory essay on Plato and his dialogues</a> by the author of these pages at the <a href="http://eawc.evansville.edu/"><img src="images/eawc.gif" border="0" height="38" width="300" align="MIDDLE"> (EAWC) site</a> at the University of Evansville, Indiana, which has hosted this Plato site for the first five years of its existence. </font> </p>
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<hr>
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<center>
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<h3>Acknowledgement</h3>
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</center>
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<p>This site on Plato and his dialogues was made possible by the suggestion and encouragement the author received, and continues receiving, from <a href="http://www.evansville.edu/~tb2/">Anthony F. Beavers</a>, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Religion at the University of Evansville, Indiana, who accepted to host these pages for more than five years (May, 1996 to September, 2001) on one of the servers of the Internet Applications Laboratory (IALab) he founded and heads at the University of Evansville. Among many projects of the IALab, Tony is developing his own site on Plato, called "<a href="http://plato.evansville.edu/">Exploring Plato's Dialogues : A Virtual Learning Environment on the World-Wide Web</a>". </p>
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<p class="centre"> <font size="-1">Plato and his dialogues : <a href="plato.htm"></a>Home - <a href="life.htm">Biography</a> - <a href="works.htm">Works</a> and <a href="links.htm">links to them</a> - <a href="intrpret.htm">History of interpretation</a> - <a href="hypotsis.htm">New hypotheses</a> - Map of dialogues : <a href="tetralog.htm#tetramap">table version</a> or <a href="tetrapre.htm#tetramap">non tabular version</a>. Tools : <a href="tools/index.htm">Index of persons and locations</a> - <a href="tools/chrono.htm">Detailed </a> and <a href="tools/synopsis.htm">synoptic</a> chronologies - <a href="tools/mapindex.htm">Maps of Ancient Greek World</a>. Site information : <a href="suzanne.htm">About the author</a> - <a href="sitemap.htm">Map of the site</a></font> </p>
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<p class="centre"> <font size="-1">First published May 16, 1996 - Last updated February 19, 2018</font><font size="-1"><br> © 1996, 1997 <a href="mailto:bernard.suzanne@polytechnique.org">Bernard SUZANNE</a> (click on name to send your comments via e-mail) <br> <i>Quotations from theses pages are authorized provided they mention the author's name and source of quotation (including date of last update). Copies of these pages must not alter the text and must leave this copyright mention visible in full. </i> </font> </p>
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