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% CentOS Download, Installation in VMware, and Configuration % Ian! D. Allen - <idallen@idallen.ca>
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- [www.idallen.com] % Fall 2014 - September to December 2014 - Updated Mon Feb 9 02:07:41 EST 2015 Overview for CentOS VMware Installation ======================================= > This document uses the VMware Workstation virtualization software. For a > guide to installing CentOS using the free **VirtualBox** virtulalization > software, see the [VirtualBox CentOS Installation Guide HTML]. - You will create a VMware Workstation Virtual Machine running a minimal server-style installation of Linux CentOS version 6.6 (\~339MB minimal installation, no GUI) using the instructions below. This is *not* a Desktop system. - For full information on this minimal installation, read the [CentOS MinimalCD 6.5 Release Notes]. (The 6.6 minimal release notes are missing in November 2014; read the 6.5 notes instead.) - [CentOS] creates versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, with Red Hat trademarks and images removed to allow free distribution. They recently became partners with Red Hat “to provide a common platform for open source community project needs”. - Installing and configuring a server (not Desktop) CentOS operating system requires significant Linux expertise. You may not initially know the meaning of all the instructions you must follow, below. By the end of the course, you will know what everything means. - Failure to follow these instructions exactly may lead to future penalties, as we need the exact configuration listed here. - Do not install extra packages or software in this CentOS virtual machine. If you want to experiment, create a separate non-course clone to use. > If you want to play with an easy-install desktop version of Linux, don’t do > it using the system you will install in this document. This document > installs a *server* system, not a *Desktop* system. A Desktop system should > be something graphical and desktop-friendly such as [Ubuntu] or [Mint]. > You can’t use the CentOS system in this document as a Desktop system. This > document is configuring a minimal, non-GUI, **server** version of Linux. Using Other Virtualization Software ----------------------------------- You can use any virtualization software you like to create and run this server-style CentOS virtual machine, e.g. VirtualBox, Parallels, etc., but faculty only fully support questions about **VMware** (and maybe a little bit of **VirtualBox**). It’s what we know. It isn’t the virtualization software that’s important; it’s the running CentOS virtual machine. I don’t recommend running CentOS directly on your hardware; you lose all the snapshot and backup features available in a Virtual Machine. Don’t do it. Download `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` ============================================ **We don’t recommend trying to download large software images over wireless. Find a network jack and plug in.** > You can start this ISO download process and wait for it to finish while you > move on to the next step to [Create an Empty Virtual Machine] In this section, you will download the `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` to your machine. It **must** be the `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso`, no other version is acceptable for this server. You can get the `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` image from one of the following places. We recommend that you choose the first or second one if you are on campus; they are the fastest. Download Method 1 (best): From the on-campus CSTECH Downloads Folder -------------------------------------------------------------------- This method only works on the Algonquin campus, using the private IP address of the CSTECH web site. **Use a wired connection to download big files such as ISO images; don’t use wireless!** 1. On your laptop use a browser to go to the Web site at the private IP address
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<http: cstech>
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on campus. (This only works **ON CAMPUS**!) 2. Choose any room from the left side-bar (e.g. T108). Go to **Drivers and Downloads**, **Linux**, **CentOS**, **CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal** 3. Choose and download exactly this `355467264`-byte (`339MB`) ISO file: [`CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso`] 4. Also download the [`CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal-MD5sum.txt`] file containing the **md5sum** file checksum hash. Download Method 2 (best): From the on-campus Course Linux Server ---------------------------------------------------------------- This method only works on the Algonquin campus, using the private IP address of the [Course Linux Server]. **Use a wired connection to download big files such as ISO images; don’t use wireless!** 1. On your laptop use a browser to go to the Web site at the private IP address
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<http: cst8207-alg.idallen.ca distributions /> on campus. (This only works **ON CAMPUS**!) 2. Choose and download exactly this `355467264`-byte (`339MB`) ISO file: [`CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso`][1] 3. Also download the text file [`md5sum.txt`] file containing the **md5sum** file checksum hash. Download Method 999 (worst): From the Internet (slow) ----------------------------------------------------- This is much slower than the above on-campus methods. Use this Internet method only if you have to (i.e. you are off-campus): 1. **Don’t use this method on campus – it’s much slower than the on-campus methods, above.** 2. On your laptop use a browser to go to the Web site
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<http: www.centos.org />. 3. On the bottom of the page, select the **Older Versions** button
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<http: wiki.centos.org download>
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. 4. On the **Download CentOS ISO images** page, select the **CentOS-6 i386** button
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<http: isoredirect.centos.org centos 6 isos i386 />. 5. Pick a nearby HTTP mirror from the list of `/i386/` mirrors. 6. In the **Index of `/centos/6.6/isos/i386`** find the ISO named `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` to download: 7. Choose and download exactly this `355467264`-byte (`339MB`) ISO file: `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` 8. Also download the `md5sum.txt` file containing the **md5sum** file checksum hashes. Verify the Downloaded ISO ========================= To verify the downloaded CentOS ISO, you must get a copy of the checksum file from the same CentOS folder where you found the i386 (32-bit) ISO image. 1. Verify that you have the exact ISO file named `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` that is `355467264` bytes (`339MB`). 2. To verify the download, you will need some form of checksum program that runs on your local computer that can calculate **md5** or **sha** hashes. Unix/Linux/OSX machines already have the `md5sum` command available (sometimes called just `md5` on OSX); you don’t need to download anything; read the `man` page or just run `md5sum` (or `md5`) followed by the ISO image name and compare the number with the number saved in the checksum hash file. For Windows users, one suggestion to use (thanks Richard!) is [**HashTab**]: a. Windows only: Download and install [**HashTab**] for Windows. (Unix/Linux/OSX users don’t need this program.) b. Copy the desired checksum hash to the clipboard (e.g. from the `md5sum.txt` file). c. Right click in the file you wish to verify, i.e. select your ISO image `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` d. Click **Properties** and then **file hashes**. - It will compare the hashes to the one(s) in your clipboard. - MD5 and SHA-1 are the defaults, but it can be customized to include others. 3. Verify the checksum hash of the ISO file against the checksum hash recorded in any of the checksum files located in the same folder. (For example, open `md5sum.txt` and locate the checksum for your ISO file and compare it with the checksum of the ISO file you downloaded.) > Sysadmin Tip for Windows users: You can install the free [**Cygwin**] > package on your own Windows laptop to get BASH and all the Unix tools for > Windows, including `md5sum`, `find`, etc. MacOSX users already have most of > the tools installed and available in any **Terminal** window. Create an Empty Virtual Machine in VMware ========================================= These detailed instructions are for **VMware** Workstation Version 10. You may use any other virtualization software you like, e.g. see the [VirtualBox CentOS Installation Guide HTML], but you’re on your own if things go wrong. In this section, you will first create an empty Linux **32bit** CentOS-compatible Virtual Machine with no operating system installed. You can do this while you are waiting for your CentOS minimal `CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso` to download. VMware Workstation will try to guide you into an “Easy” or automatic install; you must *not* do an Easy/automatic install. **Do *not* let VMware use “Easy Install”!** 1. Start VMware on your machine. Any version of VMware since Version 8 should work. These instructions were prepared with Version 10. 2. Choose **Create a New Virtual Machine** or **File | New Virtual Machine**. 3. **Welcome to the New Virtual Machine Wizard:** - Choose **Typical (recommended)**. - **Typical** asks fewer questions than the full **Custom** install - Click **Next**. 4. **Guest Operating System Installation:** - Choose: **I will install the operating system later** - “The virtual machine will be created with a blank hard disk.” - Do *not* let VMware use “Easy Install”! - *Do **not** let VMware use “Easy Install”!* - **Do *not* let VMware use “Easy Install”!** - Click **Next**. 5. **Select a Guest Operating System:** - Chose: **Linux** and then Version **CentOS** - **Do *not* choose 64 bit!** - If the installation is asking you to create a userid for this step, then you need to start over: **Do *not* let VMware use “Easy Install”!** - Click **Next**. 6. **Name the
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<http: blogs.vmware.com workstation 2014 10 workstation-10-issue-recent-microsoft-windows-8-1-update.html>
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2. When you boot Linux you see `detecting hardware` followed by a long pause and then `BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck`. This has been seen on AMD hardware. See below for possible solutions. 3. When you boot Linux you see `lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions` followed by a long pause followed by a kernel traceback related to `ipv6` networking. Sometimes changing networks (moving to a different room) or rebooting Windows fixes the problem. This has been seen on AMD hardware. See below for possible solutions. 4. When you try to restart your `sshd` service, it fails. If you run `ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /tmp/junk` it fails with `rsa_generate_private_key: key generation failed`. This was seen in Centos 6.6 in VMware 8 on Windows 8 with an AMD processor. See below for possible solutions. 5. You see `software virtualization is incompatible with long mode on this platform` when you start your VM. Is this only on AMD hardware? See below for possible solutions. Possible Solutions ------------------ Students with hardware or software that don’t meet CST program requirements are responsible for fixing their own problems. The correct solution to avoid these bugs is to run the required CST program Intel hardware and Windows 7 or 8 base O/S. Failing that, these fixes below have worked for some students: - Install the free Oracle **VirtualBox** and use that to install Linux. - CST student Joshua Caseley has written a [VirtualBox CentOS Installation Guide HTML]. - Joshua tested this on seven different systems using both Intel and AMD processes and all of them work. - **Remember to set up SSH port forwarding to allow SSH in.** - Downgrade VMware and use an earlier version of VMware than version 10. - One student using AMD said only Workstation 8 would work, not 9 or 10. - Note that earlier versions of VMware will not open VMware 10 virtual machines created with VMware 10 machine formats (the default for VMware Workstation 10). - Try running VMware, perhaps an older version, inside an existing Windows VM and then running CentOS inside that. - Yes, you would be running Windows running VMware running Windows running VMware running CentOS. - Use the workstations on the second floor of T building to do your CentOS assignments. Keep your CentOS virtual machines on a portable external disk drive. * * * * * Appendix X: Document Revision History ===================================== - Fall 2013 – original document. - Fall 2014 – Convert to CentOS 6.6; major updates: added run yum update, sysadmin account and sudo, SSH banner, history, CLS download, VMware bugs, etc. * * * * * -- | Ian! D. Allen - idallen@idallen.ca - Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Home Page: http://idallen.com/ Contact Improv: http://contactimprov.ca/ | College professor (Free/Libre GNU+Linux) at: http://teaching.idallen.com/ | Defend digital freedom: http://eff.org/ and have fun: http://fools.ca/ [Plain Text] - plain text version of this page in [Pandoc Markdown] format [www.idallen.com]: http://www.idallen.com/ [VirtualBox CentOS Installation Guide HTML]: 000_centos_virtualbox_install.html [CentOS MinimalCD 6.5 Release Notes]: http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOSMinimalCD6.5 [CentOS]: http://www.centos.org/ [Ubuntu]: http://ubuntu.com/ [Mint]: http://www.linuxmint.com/ [Create an Empty Virtual Machine]: #create-an-empty-virtual-machine-in-vmware [`CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso`]: http://cstech/repo/linux/CentOS/CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal/CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso [`CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal-MD5sum.txt`]: http://cstech/repo/linux/CentOS/CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal/CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal-MD5sum.txt [Course Linux Server]: 070_course_linux_server.html [1]: http://cst8207-alg.idallen.ca/distributions/CentOS-6.6-i386-minimal.iso [`md5sum.txt`]: http://cst8207-alg.idallen.ca/distributions/md5sum.txt [**HashTab**]: http://implbits.com/products/hashtab/ [**Cygwin**]: http://cygwin.com/ [CentOS 6 Welcome]: data/centos6_welcome.jpg "CentOS 6 Welcome" [CentOS 6 Disc Found]: data/centos6_discfound.jpg "CentOS 6 Disc Found" [CentOS 6 Splash Screen]: data/centos6_splash.jpg "CentOS 6 Sp
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</idallen@idallen.ca>
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