diff --git a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/audience.ts b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/audience.ts
index 210d47573..aa70c25b2 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/audience.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/audience.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type {
 	CacheableUser,
 } from "@/models/entities/user.js";
 import { User } from "@/models/entities/user.js";
+import { RecursionLimiter } from "@/models/repositories/user-profile.js";
 
 type Visibility = "public" | "home" | "followers" | "specified";
 
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ export async function parseAudience(
 	to?: ApObject,
 	cc?: ApObject,
 	resolver?: Resolver,
+	limiter: RecursionLimiter = new RecursionLimiter(20)
 ): Promise<AudienceInfo> {
 	const toGroups = groupingAudience(getApIds(to), actor);
 	const ccGroups = groupingAudience(getApIds(cc), actor);
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ export async function parseAudience(
 	const mentionedUsers = (
 		await Promise.all(
 			others.map((id) =>
-				limit(() => resolvePerson(id, resolver).catch(() => null)),
+				limit(() => resolvePerson(id, resolver, limiter).catch(() => null)),
 			),
 		)
 	).filter((x): x is CacheableUser => x != null);
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/models/note.ts b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/models/note.ts
index 243947b32..713de0f45 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/models/note.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/remote/activitypub/models/note.ts
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ export async function createNote(
 		return null;
 	}
 
-	const noteAudience = await parseAudience(actor, note.to, note.cc);
+	const noteAudience = await parseAudience(actor, note.to, note.cc, undefined, limiter);
 	let visibility = noteAudience.visibility;
 	const visibleUsers = noteAudience.visibleUsers;
 
@@ -394,6 +394,7 @@ export async function createNote(
 			url: url,
 		},
 		silent,
+		limiter
 	);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/services/note/create.ts b/packages/backend/src/services/note/create.ts
index c41897c34..a451730bb 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/services/note/create.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/services/note/create.ts
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ import { shouldSilenceInstance } from "@/misc/should-block-instance.js";
 import meilisearch from "../../db/meilisearch.js";
 import { redisClient } from "@/db/redis.js";
 import { Mutex } from "redis-semaphore";
+import { RecursionLimiter } from "@/models/repositories/user-profile.js";
 
 const mutedWordsCache = new Cache<
 	{ userId: UserProfile["userId"]; mutedWords: UserProfile["mutedWords"] }[]
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ export default async (
 	},
 	data: Option,
 	silent = false,
+	limiter: RecursionLimiter = new RecursionLimiter(20)
 ) =>
 	// rome-ignore lint/suspicious/noAsyncPromiseExecutor: FIXME
 	new Promise<Note>(async (res, rej) => {
@@ -292,7 +294,7 @@ export default async (
 			emojis = data.apEmojis || extractCustomEmojisFromMfm(combinedTokens);
 
 			mentionedUsers =
-				data.apMentions || (await extractMentionedUsers(user, combinedTokens));
+				data.apMentions || (await extractMentionedUsers(user, combinedTokens, limiter));
 		}
 
 		tags = tags
@@ -925,6 +927,7 @@ function incNotesCountOfUser(user: { id: User["id"] }) {
 export async function extractMentionedUsers(
 	user: { host: User["host"] },
 	tokens: mfm.MfmNode[],
+	limiter: RecursionLimiter = new RecursionLimiter(20)
 ): Promise<User[]> {
 	if (tokens == null) return [];
 
@@ -933,7 +936,7 @@ export async function extractMentionedUsers(
 	let mentionedUsers = (
 		await Promise.all(
 			mentions.map((m) =>
-				resolveUser(m.username, m.host || user.host).catch(() => null),
+				resolveUser(m.username, m.host || user.host, undefined, limiter).catch(() => null),
 			),
 		)
 	).filter((x) => x != null) as User[];