jointrashposs/content/id/docs/4.for-developers/api/token/3.oauth.md

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2024-03-26 15:10:53 +01:00
---
description: v2023.9.0以降で使用できる、OAuth2.0方式での認証方法について説明しています。
---
# OAuth方式でのアクセストークン取得方式
アプリケーションを利用するユーザー(以下単に「ユーザー」と呼びます)のアクセストークンを取得するには、以下の手順で発行をリクエストします。
:::tip
以下に説明する方法は、[OAuth 2.0](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749.html)と呼ばれるものです。普通のOAuthはアプリを作成しますが、[IndieAuth](https://indieauth.spec.indieweb.org/)の拡張でアプリ作成なしで使えるようになっています。
OAuth方式は使えるライブラリが多いので、出来ればライブラリを使うのをおすすめします。
現在、この方式を使うためにはウェブページが必要になります。どうしてもウェブページを用意できない場合、もしくはMisskey 2023.9.0以前のバージョンをサポートしたい場合、以下の方式を使ってください。
- [Misskey専用のMiAuth方式でのアクセストークン取得方法](./miauth.md)
- [アプリ作成方式でのアクセストークン取得方法(旧来型)。](./app.md)
:::
## Step 1
アプリ紹介のためのウェブページを作ります。ページがHTTPSアドレスでアクセスできるようにしてください。ページのとこかに以下のようなHTMLコードを書きます。
```html
<!-- 必須項目hrefのアドレスが認証コードの転送先になります。 -->
<link rel='redirect_uri' href='/redirect'>
<!-- ユーザーに見せるアプリの名前になります。なかったらこのページのアドレスが名前になります。 -->
<div class='h-app'>
<a href="/" class="u-url p-name">My Misskey App</a>
</div>
```
あとで`redirect_uri`のアドレスに認証コードが転送されます。
## Step 2
PKCE `code_verifier`と`code_challenge`文字列, 及び`state`文字列を生成します。
- `code_verifier`の場合は最低43字、最高128字でアルファベット大・小文字及び`-._~`の中の文字に限られます。
- `code_challenge`文字列は`code_verifier`文字列をSHA256アルゴリズムでハッシュしてbase64urlでエンコードした結果を使います。
- `state`文字列には特別な制限はありません。ランダムな文字列を使います。
:::danger
この文字列は毎回生成し、使いまわさないようにしてください。
:::
:::tip
[pkce-challenge](https://www.npmjs.com/package/pkce-challenge)とかのライブラリを使ったり、OAuthライブラリのPKCE機能を使うのがおすすめです。
:::
:::tip{label='例'}
```js
import crypto from "node:crypto";
const chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-._~";
const codeVerifier = new Array(128)
.fill(0)
.map(() => chars[Math.floor(chars.length * Math.random())])
.join("");
console.log('code_verifier', codeVerifier);
const codeChallenge = crypto
.createHash("sha256")
.update(codeVerifier, "ascii")
.digest("base64url");
console.log('code_challenge', codeChallenge);
const state = crypto.randomUUID();
console.log('state', state);
```
:::
## Step 3
相手サーバーのOAuth情報を取得します。データはJSON形式になっています。
```
https://{host}/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server
```
`{host}`の部分は、ユーザーのサーバーのホストに置き換えます。通常ホストはユーザーが入力します。
ここでは`authorization_endpoint`と`token_endpoint`を使います。
:::tip
次のステップで使われる`scope`の情報も`scopes_supported`で確認できます。
:::
## Step 4
アプリケーション認証フォームをユーザーのブラウザで表示させます。認証フォームは、以下の形式のURLで開くことができます:
```
{authorization_endpoint}?client_id={client_id}&response_type=code&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&scope={scope}&code_challenge={code_challenge}&code_challenge_method=S256&state={state}
```
ここで、
- `{authorization_endpoint}`の部分は、前の情報取得で得たアドレスに置き換えます。
- `{client_id}`の部分は、アプリの紹介ページのアドレスに置き換えます。
- `{code_challenge}`の部分は、前に生成した`code_challenge`文字列に置き換えます
- `code_challenge_method`の部分は常に`S256`にします。
- `{redirect_uri}`の部分は、紹介ページで使っている配達先のアドレスに置き換えます。
- `{scope}`の部分は、アプリケーションが要求する権限に置き換えます。要求する権限を` `で区切って列挙します。権限の一覧は[こちら](../permission.md)で確認できます。
- `{state}`の部分は、前に生成した`state`文字列に置き換えます。
:::tip{label='例'}
```
https://misskey.local/oauth/authorize?client_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com&code_challenge=C6hwMO2bmIzg3nqppTE9b79fvuOjlrKmH2xNiZSMHzw&code_challenge_method=S256&response_type=code&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fredirect&scope=write%3Anotes&state=87c11f05-86eb-4eb2-9057-f6a98fc5e9ab
```
:::
## Step 5
ユーザーがアプリケーションアクセスを許可したら、`redirect_uri`のアドレスに認証コードがURLパラメータの形式で転送されます。
| 名前 | 説明 |
| ------- | ----------------------- |
| `code` | ユーザーの認証コード。 |
| `state` | 認証リクエストに使われた`state`文字列。 |
:::tip{label='例'}
```
https://example.com/redirect?code=...&state=87c11f05-86eb-4eb2-9057-f6a98fc5e9ab
```
:::
`state`文字列がちゃんと一致しているのか確認して、次のステップに進みます。
## Step 6
転送された認証コードを使ってアクセストークンをPOSTでリクエストします。リクエスト先は`token_endpoint`になります。データ形式は`application/json`と`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`を使えます。各パラメータは以下のようになります。
| 名前 | 説明 |
| --------------- | ------------------------------ |
| `grant_type` | 常に`authorization_code`にします。 |
| `client_id` | 認証リクエストに使われた`client_id`文字列。 |
| `redirect_uri` | 認証リクエストに使われた`redirect_uri`文字列。 |
| `scope` | 認証リクエストに使われた`scope`文字列。 |
| `code` | 取得した認証コード。  |
| `code_verifier` | 前に生成した`code_verifier`文字列。 |
:::tip{label='例'}
```js
const res = await fetch(endpoint, {
method: "POST",
body: JSON.stringify({
grant_type: "authorization_code",
client_id: "https://example.com",
redirect_uri: "https://example.com/redirect",
scope: "write:notes",
code: "...",
code_verifier: "hjjbCYDmDpSLjirkO-PrfWKsRhDdJr-PAEGRClRwzUKlmFIIIrZNmSvUIraeIa~WqbqQnfbJV-Hc_IfuQkesBYUpukUi~lInDfU_AZjoZqbU.ioQTRzaFfZFfGnT-OAA",
}),
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json"
}
});
```
:::
レスポンスはJSONオブジェクト形式で、そこから`access_token`を取得して使います。