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<title>ETHICS OF CIVILIZATION by Sanderson Beck</title>
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<body bgcolor="#b3ffb3">
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<h3><a href="index.html">BECK index</a></h3>
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<h1>
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<center> <font size="+4">ETHICS OF CIVILIZATION</font>
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</center> </h1>
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<h2>
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<center>
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by Sanderson Beck
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</center> </h2>
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<h3><a href="#1">Volume 1: MIDEAST & AFRICA to 1700<br> </a><a href="#2">Volume 2: INDIA & SOUTHEAST ASIA to 1800</a><br> <a href="#3">Volume 3: CHINA, KOREA & JAPAN to 1800<br> </a><a href="#4">Volume 4: GREECE & ROME to 30 BC<br> </a><a href="#5">Volume 5: ROMAN EMPIRE 30 BC to 610<br> </a><a href="#6">Volume 6: MEDIEVAL EUROPE 610-1250<br> </a><a href="#a7">Volume 7: MEDIEVAL EUROPE 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="#a8">Volume 8: EUROPE & Humanism 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="#a9">Volume 9: EUROPE & Reform 1517-1588</a><br> <a href="#a10">Volume 10: EUROPE: Wars & Plays 1588-1648</a> <br> <a href="#11">Volume 11: AMERICA to 1744<br> </a><a href="#a12">Volume 12: EUROPE & Kings 1648-1715 <br> </a><a href="#a13">Volume 13: AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS 1744-1817</a><br> <a href="#a15">Volume 14: EUROPE & REASON 1715-1788<br> Volume 15: EUROPE & REVOLUTION 1789-1830 </a><br> <a href="#a16">Volume 16: MIDEAST & AFRICA 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="#a17">Volume 17: AMERICAN Democracy & Slavery 1817-1844</a><br> <a href="#a19">Volume 19: AMERICA & Civil Wars 1845-1865</a> <br> <a href="#a20">Volume 20: SOUTH ASIA 1800-1950<br> </a><a href="#a21">Volume 21: EAST ASIA 1800-1949</a></h3>
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<h3><a href="EC-Chronology.html">World Chronology</a></h3>
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<h2>
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<center> <a name="1"></a>Volume 1: MIDEAST & AFRICA to 1700
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</center> </h2>
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<h3><a href="EC-Intro.html">Introduction</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC-Intro.html#1">Purposes and Motives</a><br> <a href="EC-Intro.html#2">Philosophical Premises and Methods</a><br> <a href="EC-Intro.html#3">Limitations</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC1-Ethics.html">Ethics</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC1-Ethics.html#1">Metaphysical Foundation</a><br> <a href="EC1-Ethics.html#2">Universal Values</a><br> <a href="EC1-Ethics.html#3">Applying Universal Values</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC2-Prehistoric.html">Prehistoric Cultures</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC2-Prehistoric.html#1">Evolution of Life</a><br> <a href="EC2-Prehistoric.html#2">Human Evolution</a><br> <a href="EC2-Prehistoric.html#3">Lemuria and Atlantis</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC3-Sumer.html">Sumer, Babylon, and Hittites</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#1">Sumer</a><br> <a href="EC3-Sumer.html#2">Sargon the Akkadian<br> </a><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#3">Sumerian Revival<br> </a><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#4">Sumerian Literature<br> </a><i><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#5">Epic of Gilgamesh<br> </a></i><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#6">Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna, Mari, Assur, and Babylon<br> </a><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#7">Hammurabi's Babylon<br> </a><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#8">Kassites, Hurrians, and Assyria<br> </a><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#9">Babylonian Literature<br> </a><a href="EC3-Sumer.html#10">Hittites</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC4-Egypt.html">Ancient Egypt</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC4-Egypt.html#1">Old Kingdom</a><br> <a href="EC4-Egypt.html#2">Middle Kingdom</a><br> <a href="EC4-Egypt.html#3">Hyksos Shepherd Kings</a><br> <a href="EC4-Egypt.html#4">New Kingdom Empire<br> </a><a href="EC4-Egypt.html#5">Egypt 1085-323 BC</a><br> <a href="EC4-Egypt.html#6">Early Egyptian Literature</a><br> <i><a href="EC4-Egypt.html#7">Book of the Dead<br> </a></i><a href="EC4-Egypt.html#8">Later Egyptian Literature</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC5-Israel.html">Ancient Israel</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC5-Israel.html#1"><i>Genesis<br> </i></a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#2">Moses<br> </a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#3">Conquest of Canaan<br> </a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#4">David and the <i>Psalms<br> </i></a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#5">Solomon and the Wisdom Books<br> </a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#6">Israel and Judah Divided<br> </a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#7">Amos, Hosea, Isaiah and Micah<br> </a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#8">Judah's Fall and Jeremiah<br> </a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#9">Ezekiel and Babylonian Isaiah<br> </a><a href="EC5-Israel.html#10">Jews in the Persian Empire</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="1-6-Persia.html">Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, and Persian Empires</a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html"></a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#1">Assyrian Empire 967-664 BC<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#a6">Assyrian Empire 664-609 BC</a><br> <a href="EC6-Assyria.html#2">Babylonian Empire<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#3">Zarathushtra<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#4">Persian Empire to 500 BC<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#5">Persian-Greek Wars 550-404 BC<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#a7">Persian-Greek Wars 404-323 BC</a><br> <a href="EC6-Assyria.html#a8">Parthian Empire<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#a9">Mani and Manichaeism<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#a10">Sasanian Persia 224-531<br> </a><a href="EC6-Assyria.html#a11">Sasanian Persia 531-651</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html">Muhammad and Islamic Conquest</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html#1">Muhammad in Mecca<br> </a><a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html#2">Muhammad in Medina at War 622-628<br> </a><a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html#3">Muhammad Triumphant 628-632<br> </a><a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html#4"><i>Qur'an</i> and <i>Hadith</i></a><br> <a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html#5">Islamic Wars in the Near East 632-644<br> </a><a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html#a7">Caliphs 'Uthman and 'Ali 644-661</a><br> <a href="AB13-MuhammadandIslam.html#6">Umayyad Caliphate 661-750</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html">Abbasid, Buyid, and Seljuk Empires 750-1095</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#1">'Abbasid Caliphate 750-809<br> </a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#a11">‘Abbasid Caliphate 809-945</a><br> <a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#2">Umayyad Spain<br> </a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#3">Samanids, Ghaznavids, Buyids, and Seljuqs<br> </a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#10">Mirrors for Princes</a><br> <a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#4">Nizam al-Mulk's <i>Rules for Kings<br> </i></a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#5">Firdausi's <i>Shah-nameh<br> </i></a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#6">Sufis: Rabi'a, Al-Hallaj, and Qushayri<br> </a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#7">Al-Razi, Al-Farabi, and Miskawayh<br> </a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#8">Avicenna, Ibn Hazm, and Ibn Gabirol<br> </a><a href="AB14-IslamCulture750-1095.html#9"><i>1001 Nights </i>and 'Umar Khayyam's<i> Ruba'iyat</i></a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html">Islamic Culture 1095-1300</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#8">Mideast during the Crusades 1095-1192</a><br> <a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#a8">Mideast during Crusades 1193-1300</a><br> <a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#1">Al-Ghazali's Mystical Ethics<br> </a><a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#2">Ibn Tufayl, Averroes, and Al-Tusi<br> </a><a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#3">Maimonides' <i>Guide for the Perplexed<br> </i></a><a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#4">Sufism of Gilani, Suhrawardi, and Ibn 'Arabi<br> </a><a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#5">Sufi Literature of Sana'i and 'Attar<br> </a><a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#6">Rumi's <i>Masnavi</i> and <i>Discourses</i></a><br> <a href="AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html#7">Sa'di's <i>Rose Garden </i>and<i> Orchard</i></a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html">Ottoman and Persian Empires 1300-1700</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#1">Ottoman Empire to 1451<br> </a><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#2">Ottoman Empire 1451-1520<br> </a><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#3">Ottoman Empire under Sulayman</a><br> <a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#4">Ottoman Empire 1566-1617<br> </a><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#a5">Ottoman Empire 1617-1700<br> </a><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#6">Persia in the 14th Century<br> </a><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#7">Timur and the Timurids<br> </a><a href="1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html#8">Safavid Persian Empire 1500-1700</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="1-12-NorthAfricato1700.html">North Africa to 1700</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="1-12-NorthAfricato1700.html#a1">North Africa to 900</a><br> <a href="1-12-NorthAfricato1700.html#a2">North Africa 900-1300</a><br> <a href="1-12-NorthAfricato1700.html#a3">Egypt 1300-1700</a><br> <a href="1-12-NorthAfricato1700.html#a4">Tunisia and Algeria 1300-1700</a><br> <a href="1-12-NorthAfricato1700.html#a5">Morocco 1300-1700</a><br> <a href="1-12-NorthAfricato1700.html#a6">Ibn Khaldun on History</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html">Sub-Saharan Africa to 1700</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a1">West Africa to 1500</a><br> <a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a2">West Africa and Slavery to 1700</a><br> <a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a3">Bornu, Hausa, and Songhay to 1700</a><br> <a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a4">Dahomey, Gold Coast, and Oyo to 1700</a><br> <a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a5">Nubia and Ethiopia to 1700</a><br> <a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a6">East and Central Africa to 1700</a><br> <a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a7">Southern Africa to 1700</a><br> <a href="1-13-SubSaharanAfricato1700.html#a8">Traditional African Ethics</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="1-15-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="1-15-Summary.html#1">Prehistory</a><br> <a href="1-15-Summary.html#2">Ancient Near East<br> </a><a href="1-15-Summary.html#3">Muslim Mideast 610-1700<br> </a><a href="1-15-Summary.html#4">Africa to 1700<br> </a><a href="1-15-Summary.html#5">Evaluating the Mideast and Africa to 1700</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="1-Bibliography.html">Bibliography<br> </a></h3>
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<h2>
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<center> <a name="2"></a>Volume 2: INDIA & SOUTHEAST ASIA to 1800
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</center> </h2>
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<h3><a href="EC7-Vedas.html"><em>Vedas</em> and <em>Upanishads</em></a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC7-Vedas.html#1">Harappan Civilization</a><br> <i><a href="EC7-Vedas.html#2">Rig Veda</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC7-Vedas.html#3">Sama Veda</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC7-Vedas.html#4">Yajur Veda</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC7-Vedas.html#5">Atharva Veda</a></i><br> <a href="EC7-Vedas.html#6">Brahmanas<br> </a><a href="EC7-Vedas.html#7">Aranyakas</a><br> <a href="EC7-Vedas.html#8">Early <i>Upanishads</i></a><br> <a href="EC7-Vedas.html#9"><i>Kena, Katha, Isha</i>, and <i>Mundaka</i></a><br> <a href="EC7-Vedas.html#10">Later <i>Upanishads</i></a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC8-Mahavira.html">Mahavira and Jainism</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC8-Mahavira.html#1">Parshva</a><br> <a href="EC8-Mahavira.html#2">Mahavira</a><br> <a href="EC8-Mahavira.html#3">Jainism</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC9-Buddha.html">Buddha and Buddhism</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC9-Buddha.html#1">Siddartha Gautama</a><br> <a href="EC9-Buddha.html#2">Buddha</a><br> <a href="EC9-Buddha.html#3">Doctrine <i>(Dharma)</i></a><br> <i><a href="EC9-Buddha.html#4">Dhammapada</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC9-Buddha.html#5">Questions of King Milinda</a></i><br> <a href="EC9-Buddha.html#6">Community <i>(Sangha)</i></a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC10-Social.html">Political and Social Ethics of India</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC10-Social.html#1">Magadhan Ascendancy</a><br> <a href="EC10-Social.html#2">Alexander's Invasion of India</a><br> <a href="EC10-Social.html#3">Mauryan Empire, Ashoka and Sri Lanka</a><br> <i><a href="EC10-Social.html#5">Dharma Sutras</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC10-Social.html#6">Laws of Manu</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC10-Social.html#7">Artha Shastra</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC10-Social.html#8">Kama Sutra</a></i></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC11-Hindu.html">Hindu Philosophy</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC11-Hindu.html#1">Nyaya and Vaishesika</a><br> <a href="EC11-Hindu.html#2">Mimamsa and Vedanta</a><br> <a href="EC11-Hindu.html#3">Samkhya and Yoga</a><br> <i><a href="EC11-Hindu.html#4">Bhagavad-Gita</a></i></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="EC12-Literature.html">Literature of Ancient India</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="EC12-Literature.html#1"><i>Ramayana</i></a><br> <i><a href="EC12-Literature.html#2">Mahabharata</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC12-Literature.html#3">Jatakas</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC12-Literature.html#4">Panchatantra</a></i></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="AB2-India.html">India 30 BC to 1300</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="AB2-India.html#1">India 30 BC-320 CE<br> </a><a href="AB2-India.html#2">Gupta Empire and India 320-750<br> </a><a href="AB2-India.html#3">Plays of Bhasa, Kalidasa, and Bhavabhuti<br> </a><a href="AB2-India.html#4">Hindu Kingdoms 750-1000<br> </a><a href="AB2-India.html#5">Tibetan Buddhism<br> </a><a href="AB2-India.html#6">India and Muslim Invaders 1000-1300<br> </a><a href="AB2-India.html#7">Literature of Medieval India</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html">Delhi Sultans and Rajas 1300-1526</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html#1">Delhi Sultanate 1300-1526<br> </a><a href="2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html#2">Barani on Politics of the Delhi Sultanate<br> </a><a href="2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html#3">Independent North India 1401-1526<br> </a><a href="2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html#4">Independent South India 1329-1526<br> </a><a href="2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html#5">Kabir and Chaitanya<br> </a><a href="2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html#6">Nanak and Sikhism</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html">Mughal Empire 1526-1707</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#1">Mughal Conquest of India 1526-56<br> </a><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#2">Akbar's Tolerant Empire 1556-1605<br> </a><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#3">Jahangir and Shah Jahan 1605-58</a><br> <a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#4">Aurangzeb's Intolerant Empire 1658-1707<br> </a><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#5">Kashmir and Tibet 1526-1707<br> </a><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#6">Southern India 1526-1707<br> </a><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#7">European Trade with Mughal India<br> </a><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#8">Tulsidas and Maharashtra Mystics<br> </a><a href="2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html#9">Sikhs 1539-1708</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html">Marathas and the English Company 1707-1800</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#1">Mughal Decline and Maratha Rise 1707-48<br> </a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#2">Afghan Invasions, Sikhs, and Marathas 1748-67<br> </a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#3">French, English, and Clive 1744-67<br> </a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#4">Marathas and Hastings 1767-84<br> </a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#5">Marathas and Cornwallis Reforms 1784-1800</a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1818.html#6"><br> </a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#7">Sikhs and North India 1767-1800<br> </a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#8">Tibet and Nepal 1707-1800<br> </a><a href="2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html#9">Sri Lanka 1707-1800</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="2-11-SoutheastAsia1800.html">Southeast Asia to 1800</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
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<h4><a href="2-11-SoutheastAsia1800.html#a1">Burma and Arakan to 1800</a><br> <a href="2-11-SoutheastAsia1800.html#a2">Siam (Thailand) to 1800</a><br> <a href="2-11-SoutheastAsia1800.html#a3">Cambodia to 1800</a><br> <a href="2-11-SoutheastAsia1800.html#a4">Laos to 1800</a><br> <a href="2-11-SoutheastAsia1800.html#a5">Vietnam to 1800</a><br> <a href="2-11-SoutheastAsia1800.html#a6">Malaya to 1800</a></h4>
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</blockquote>
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<h3><a href="2-12-PacificIslands.html">Pacific Islands to 1800</a></h3>
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<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="2-12-PacificIslands.html#a1">Sumatra, Java, and the Archipelago</a><br> <a href="2-12-PacificIslands.html#a2">Java and Dutch Trade 1613-1800</a><br> <a href="2-12-PacificIslands.html#a3">Philippines to 1800</a><br> <a href="2-12-PacificIslands.html#a4">Australia and New Zealand to 1800</a><br> <a href="2-12-PacificIslands.html#a5">Polynesian Islands to 1800</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="2-14-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of India and Southeast Asia to 1800</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="2-14-Summary.html#1">Ancient India</a><br> <a href="2-14-Summary.html#2">India 78-1526<br> </a><a href="2-14-Summary.html#3">Mughal Empire<br> </a><a href="2-14-Summary.html#4">British in India to 1800<br> </a><a href="2-14-Summary.html#5">Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands to 1800<br> </a><a href="2-14-Summary.html#6">Evaluating India and Southeast Asia to 1800</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="2-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<center> <a name="3"></a>Volume 3: CHINA, KOREA & JAPAN to 1800
|
||
</center> </h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC13-Chou.html">Shang, Zhou and the Classics</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC13-Chou.html#1">Shang Dynasty</a><br> <a href="EC13-Chou.html#2">Zhou Dynasty</a><br> <i><a href="EC13-Chou.html#3">Yi Jing (Book of Changes)</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC13-Chou.html#4">Shi Jing (Book of Odes)</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC13-Chou.html#5">Li (Propriety)</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC13-Chou.html#6">Shu Jing (Book of Documents)</a></i><br> <a href="EC13-Chou.html#7">Spring and Autumn Era</a><br> <a href="EC13-Chou.html#8">Sun-zi's <i>Art of War</i></a><br> <a href="EC13-Chou.html#9">Period of Warring States</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC14-Confucian.html">Confucius, Mencius and Xun-zi</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC14-Confucian.html#1">Confucius<br> </a><a href="EC14-Confucian.html#2">Teachings of Confucius<br> </a><a href="EC14-Confucian.html#3">Followers of Confucius<br> </a><a href="EC14-Confucian.html#4">Mencius<br> </a><a href="EC14-Confucian.html#5">Xun-zi</a><br> <a href="EC14-Confucian.html#6">Later Confucian Works</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC15-Taoism.html">Daoism and Mo-zi</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#1">Lao-zi<br> </a><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#2">Mo-zi<br> </a><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#3">Teachings of Mo-zi<br> </a><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#4">Moism<br> </a><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#5">Zhuang-zi<br> </a><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#6">Lie-zi<br> </a><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#7">Songs of Chu<br> </a><i><a href="EC15-Taoism.html#8">Huai-nan-zi</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC16-Legalism.html">Legalism, Qin Empire and Han Dynasty</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC16-Legalism.html#1"><i>Guan-zi<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC16-Legalism.html#2">Book of Shang Yang<br> </a></i><a href="EC16-Legalism.html#3">Han Fei-zi<br> </a><a href="EC16-Legalism.html#4">Qin Empire 221-206 BC<br> </a><a href="EC16-Legalism.html#5">Founding the Han Dynasty 206-141 BC<br> </a><a href="EC16-Legalism.html#6">Wu Di's Reign 141-87 BC<br> </a><a href="EC16-Legalism.html#7">Confucian China 87-7 BC</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB3-China.html">China 7 BC to 1279</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB3-China.html#1">Wang Mang's Revolution<br> </a><a href="AB3-China.html#2">Later Han Empire<br> </a><a href="AB3-China.html#3">China Divided and Reunited 220-618<br> </a><a href="AB3-China.html#11">Sui Dynasty 581-617</a><br> <a href="AB3-China.html#4">Tang Dynasty Empire 618-907<br> </a><a href="AB3-China.html#9">Liao, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties 907-1234</a><br> <a href="AB3-China.html#5">Song Dynasty Renaissance 960-1279<br> </a><a href="AB3-China.html#6">Neo-Confucian Ethics</a><br> <a href="AB3-China.html#10">Literature of Medieval China</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-6-Mongols.html">Mongols and Yuan China</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="3-6-Mongols.html#1">Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire<br> </a><a href="3-6-Mongols.html#2">Khubilai Khan in China<br> </a><a href="3-6-Mongols.html#4">Yuan Dynasty 1294-1368</a><br> <a href="3-6-Mongols.html#3">Chinese Theater in the Yuan Era</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html">Ming Empire 1368-1644</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#1">Ming Dynasty Founded by Hongwu<br> </a><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#2">Ming Empire 1398-1464</a><br> <a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#3">Ming Empire 1464-1567<br> </a><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#4">Ming Decline 1567-1644<br> </a><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#5">Wang Yangming and Ming Confucians<br> </a><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#6">Ming Era Short Stories<br> </a><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#7">Novels of the Ming Era<br> </a><a href="3-7-MingEmpire.html#8">Theater in the Ming Era</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html">Qing Empire 1644-1799</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#1">Qing Conquest of Ming China 1644-61</a><br> <a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#2">Kangxi's Consolidation 1661-1722<br> </a><a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#3">Yongzheng's Reforms 1723-35<br> </a><a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#4">Qianlong's Expansion 1736-99<br> </a><a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#5">Confucian Intellectuals in the Qing Era</a><br> <a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#6">Theater in the Qing Era<br> </a><a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#7">Wu Jingzi's Novel <i>The Scholars<br> </i></a><a href="3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html#8">Cao Xueqin's <i>Dream of the Red Chamber</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-10-Koreato1875.html">Korea to 1800</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="3-10-Koreato1875.html#1">Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla to 668<br> </a><a href="3-10-Koreato1875.html#2">Silla and Parhae 668-936<br> </a><a href="3-10-Koreato1875.html#3">Koryo 936-1392<br> </a><a href="3-10-Koreato1875.html#4">Yi Begins Choson Dynasty 1392-1567<br> </a><a href="3-10-Koreato1875.html#5">Korea and Foreign Invasions 1567-1659<br> </a><a href="3-10-Koreato1875.html#6">Korea and Practical Learning 1659-1800<br> </a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html">Japan to 1615</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#1">Japan to 794<br> </a><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#2">Japan's Heian Era 794-1192<br> </a><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#3">Murasaki's <i>Tale of Genji<br> </i></a><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#4">Feudal Japan 1192-1333<br> </a><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#5">Feudal Japan 1333-1465<br> </a><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#6">No Plays of Kannami, Zeami, and Zenchiku<br> </a><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#7">Japan under Warlords 1465-1568<br> </a><a href="3-11-Japanto1615.html#8">Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu 1568-1615</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html">Japan 1615-1800</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html#1">Tokugawa Japan's Seclusion 1615-1716</a><br> <a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html#2">Japanese Confucianism and Religion</a><br> <a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html#3">Saikaku's Stories of Sex and Money</a><br> <a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html#4">Chikamatsu's Plays</a><br> <a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html#5">Takeda-Namiki-Miyoshi Plays</a><br> <a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html#6">Tokugawa Japan 1716-1800</a><br> <a href="3-12-Japan1615-1800.html#7">Japanese Culture 1716-1800</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-13-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of China, Korea, and Japan to 1800</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="3-13-Summary.html#1">Ancient China to 221 BC<br> </a><a href="3-13-Summary.html#2">Imperial China 221 BC to 1368<br> </a><a href="3-13-Summary.html#3">Ming Dynasty<br> </a><a href="3-13-Summary.html#4">Qing Dynasty to 1800<br> </a><a href="3-13-Summary.html#5">Korea to 1800<br> </a><a href="3-13-Summary.html#6">Japan to 1800<br> </a><a href="3-13-Summary.html#7">Evaluating China, Korea, and Japan to 1800</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="3-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<center> <a name="4"></a>Volume 4: GREECE & ROME to 30 BC
|
||
</center> </h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html">Greek Culture to 500 BC</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#1">Crete, Mycenae and Dorians<br> </a><i><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#2">Iliad<br> </a><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#3">Odyssey<br> </a></i><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#4">Hesiod and Homeric Hymns<br> </a><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#5">Aristocrats, Tyrants, and Poets<br> </a><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#6">Spartan Military Laws<br> </a><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#7">Athenian Political Laws<br> </a><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#8">Aesop's <i>Fables<br> </i></a><a href="EC18-Greekto500.html#9">Pythagoras and Early Philosophy</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC19-GreekWars.html">Greek Politics and Wars 500-360 BC</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC19-GreekWars.html#1">Persian Invasions<br> </a><a href="EC19-GreekWars.html#2">Athenian Empire 479-431 BC<br> </a><a href="EC19-GreekWars.html#3">Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC<br> </a><a href="EC19-GreekWars.html#4">Spartan Hegemony 404-371 BC<br> </a><a href="EC19-GreekWars.html#5">Theban Hegemony 371-360 BC<br> </a><a href="EC19-GreekWars.html#6">Syracusan Tyranny of Dionysius 405-367 BC</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html">Greek Theatre</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#1">Aeschylus</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#2"><i>The Persians<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#3">The Suppliant Maidens<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#4">Seven Against Thebes<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#5">Prometheus Bound<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#6">Agamemnon</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#7">Libation Bearers<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#8">The Eumenides</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#9">Sophocles</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#10"><i>Ajax<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#11">Antigone<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#12">Oedipus the Tyrant<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#13">The Women of Trachis<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#14">Electra<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#15">Philoctetes<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#16">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#17">Euripides</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#18"><i>Rhesus<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#19">Alcestis<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#20">Medea<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#21">Hippolytus<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#22">Heracleidae<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#23">Andromache<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#24">Hecuba<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#25">The Cyclops</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#26">Heracles<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#27">The Suppliant Women<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#28">The Trojan Women<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#29">Electra<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#30">Helen<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#31">Iphigenia in Tauris<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#32">Ion<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#33">The Phoenician Women</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#34">Orestes<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#35">Iphigenia in Aulis<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#36">The Bacchae</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#37">Aristophanes</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#38"><i>The Acharnians<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#39">The Knights<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#40">The Clouds</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#41">The Wasps</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#42">Peace<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#43">The Birds<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#44">Lysistrata<br> </a><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#45">The Thesmophoriazusae</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#46">The Frogs</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#47">The Ecclesiazusae</a></i><br> <i><a href="EC20-GreekTheatre.html#48">Plutus</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC21-Socrates.html">Socrates, Xenophon, and Plato</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#1">Empedocles<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#2">Socrates<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#3">Xenophon's Socrates</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#4"><i>Defense of Socrates<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#5">Memoirs of Socrates<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#6">Symposium<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#7">Oikonomikos</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#8">Xenophon</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#9"><i>Cyropaedia<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#10">Hiero<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#11">Ways and Means</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#12">Plato's Socrates</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#13"><i>Alcibiades<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#14">Charmides<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#15">Protagoras<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#16">Laches<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#17">Lysis<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#18">Menexenus<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#19">Hippias<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#20">Euthydemus<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#21">Meno<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#22">Gorgias<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#23">Phaedrus<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#24">Symposium<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#25">Euthyphro<br> </a></i><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#26"><em>Defense of Socrates</em><br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#27"><em>Crito</em><br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#28"><em>Phaedo</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#29">Plato's <i>Republic<br> </i></a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#30">Plato's Later Work</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#31"><i>Seventh Letter<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#32">Timaeus<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#33">Critias<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#34">Theaetetus<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#35">Sophist<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#36">Politician<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#37">Philebus<br> </a><a href="EC21-Socrates.html#38">Laws</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html">Isocrates, Aristotle, and Diogenes</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html#1">Hippocrates<br> </a><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html#2">Isocrates<br> </a><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html#3">Aristotle<br> </a><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html#4">Aristotle's <i>Rhetoric<br> </i></a><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html#5">Aristotle's Ethics<br> </a><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html#6">Aristotle's <i>Politics<br> </i></a><a href="EC22-Aristotle.html#7">Diogenes</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC22-Alexander.html">Philip, Demosthenes, and Alexander</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC22-Alexander.html#1">Dionysius II, Dion, and Timoleon in Sicily<br> </a><a href="EC22-Alexander.html#2">Wars and Macedonian Expansion under Philip<br> </a><a href="EC22-Alexander.html#3">Demosthenes and Aeschines<br> </a><a href="EC22-Alexander.html#4">Alexander's Conquest of the Persian Empire</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html">Hellenistic Era</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#1">Battles of Alexander's Successors<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#2">Egypt Under the Ptolemies<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#3">Alexandrian Poetry<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#4">Seleucid Empire<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#5">Judea in the Hellenistic Era<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#6">Antigonid Macedonia and Greece<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#7">Xenocrates, Pyrrho, and Theophrastus<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#8">Menander's New Comedy<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#9">Epicurus and the Hedonists<br> </a><a href="EC23-Hellenistic.html#10">Zeno and the Stoics</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC24-RomanExpansion.html">Roman Expansion to 133 BC</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC24-RomanExpansion.html#1">Roman and Etruscan Kings<br> </a><a href="EC24-RomanExpansion.html#2">Republic of Rome 509-343 BC<br> </a><a href="EC24-RomanExpansion.html#3">Rome's Conquest of Italy 343-264 BC<br> </a><a href="EC24-RomanExpansion.html#4">Rome at War with Carthage 264-201 BC<br> </a><a href="EC24-RomanExpansion.html#5">Republican Rome's Imperialism 201-133 BC</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC25-RomanRevolution.html">Roman Revolution and Civil Wars</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC25-RomanRevolution.html#1">Reforms of the Gracchi Brothers<br> </a><a href="EC25-RomanRevolution.html#2">Marius and Sulla<br> </a><a href="EC25-RomanRevolution.html#3">Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, and Cato<br> </a><a href="EC25-RomanRevolution.html#4">Julius Caesar Dictator<br> </a><a href="EC25-RomanRevolution.html#5">Brutus, Octavian, Antony and Cleopatra</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC26-Cicero.html">Plautus, Terence, and Cicero</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#1">Plautus</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#2"><i>The</i> <i>Menaechmi<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#3">The Asses<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#4">The Merchant<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#5">The Swaggering Soldier<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#6">Stichus<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#7">The Pot of Gold<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#8">Curculio<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#9">Epidicus<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#10">The Captives<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#11">The Rope<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#12">Trinummus<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#13">Mostelleria<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#14">Pseudolus<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#15">The Two Bacchides<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#16">Amphitryon<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#17">Casina<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#18">The Persian<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#19">Truculentus</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#20">Terence</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#21"><i>The Woman of Andros<br> </i></a><i><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#22">The Mother-In-Law<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#23">The Self-Tormentor<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#24">The Eunuch<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#25">Phormio<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#26">The Brothers</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#27">Lucretius<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#28">Catullus<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#33">Virgil</a><br> <a href="EC26-Cicero.html#29">Cicero<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#30">Cicero on Oratory<br> </a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#31">Cicero's <i>Republic</i> and <i>Laws<br> </i></a><a href="EC26-Cicero.html#32">Cicero on Ethics</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="4-11-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of Greece & Rome to 30 BC</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="4-11-Summary.html#1">Greece to 30 BC<br> </a><a href="4-11-Summary.html#2">Rome to 30 BC<br> </a><a href="4-11-Summary.html#3">Evaluating Greece and Rome to 30 BC</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="4-Bibliography.html">Bibliography<br> </a></h3>
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<center> <a name="5"></a>Volume 5: ROMAN EMPIRE 30 BC to 610
|
||
</center> </h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html">Empire of Augustus and Tiberius</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#1">Rome Under Augustus<br> </a><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#2">Virgil's <i>Aeneid<br> </i></a><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#3">Horace and Propertius<br> </a><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#4">Ovid's <i>Art of Love<br> </i></a><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#5">Ovid's <i>Metamorphoses</i></a><br> <a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#6">Rome Under Tiberius<br> </a><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#7">Judea under Herod and Caesar<br> </a><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#8">Essene Community by the Dead Sea<br> </a><a href="AB5-EmpireofAugustus.html#9">Philo of Alexandria</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html">Jesus and His Apostles</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#1">John the Baptist<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#2">Jesus According to Mark<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#3">Jesus According to Matthew<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#4">Jesus According to Luke<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#5">Jesus According to John<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#6">Thomas and the Gnostics<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#7">Peter, James, and the Church<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#8">Paul and Christianity<br> </a><a href="AB6-JesusandApostles.html#9">Christian Fathers and Martyrs to 180</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html">Roman Decadence 37-96</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#1">Caligula 37-41<br> </a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#2">Claudius 41-54<br> </a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#3">Nero 54-68<br> </a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#4">Seneca's Tragedies<br> </a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#5">Seneca's Stoic Ethics<br> </a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#6">Judean and Roman Wars 66-70</a><br> <a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#6">Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian 70-96<br> </a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#8">Roman Literature in the First Century<br> </a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#9">Quintilian's <i>Education of an Orator<br> </i></a><a href="AB7-RomanDecadence.html#10">Apollonius of Tyana</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html">Rome Under Better Emperors 96-180</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#1">Nerva 96-98 and Trajan 98-117<br> </a><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#2">Dio Chrysostom's <i>Discourses<br> </i></a><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#3">Plutarch's <i>Essays<br> </i></a><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#4">Epictetus' Stoic <i>Discourses<br> </i></a><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#6">Hadrian 117-138<br> Antoninus Pius 138-161<br> </a><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#7">Marcus Aurelius 161-180<br> </a><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#8">Stoic Ethics of Marcus Aurelius</a><br> <a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#9">Literature in the Second Century<br> </a><a href="AB8-Rome96-180.html#10">Lucian's Comic Criticism</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html">Roman Empire in Turmoil 180-285</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#1">Commodus 180-192 and Pertinax<br> </a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#2">Severus Dynasty 193-235<br> </a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#3">Roman Wars 235-285<br> </a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#9">Judah and the <i>Mishnah</i></a><br> <a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#4">Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus, and Cyprian<br> </a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#5">Clement of Alexandria and Origen<br> </a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#6">Mani and Manichaeism</a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#5"> <br> </a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#7">Plotinus and Neo-Platonism<br> </a><a href="AB9-RomanTurmoil180-285.html#8">Literature in the Third Century</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html">Roman Power and Christian Conflict 285-395</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#1">Diocletian's Reforms 284-305<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#2">Constantine's Religious Revolution 306-337<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#3">Lactantius<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#4">Constantine's Sons 337-361<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#5">Julian's Pagan Revival 361-363<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#6">Valentinian, Valens, Gratian, and Theodosius<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#7">Antony, Arius, and Athanasius<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#8">Basil and Two Gregorys of Cappadocia<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#9">Martin, Ambrose, and Prudentius<br> </a><a href="AB10-RomanPower285-395.html#10">John Chrysostom and Jerome</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html">Augustine and the Fall of Rome 395-476</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#1">Augustine's <i>Confessions<br> </i></a><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#2">Augustine and the Catholic Church<br> </a><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#3">Augustine's <i>City of God<br> </i></a><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#4">Roman Empire Invaded 395-425<br> </a><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#5">Macrobius and Cassian<br> </a><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#6">Roman Empire Reduced 425-476<br> </a><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#7">Orosius and Salvian<br> </a><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#8">Leo, Patrick, and Severin<br> </a><i><a href="AB11-AugustineandRome.html#9">Talmud</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html">Goths, Franks, and Justinian's Empire 476-610</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#1">Zeno, Anastasius, and Theodoric's Ostrogoths<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#2">Boethius' <i>Consolation of Philosophy<br> </i></a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#3">Frank Kingdom of Clovis and His Sons<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#4">Benedict's Monastic <i>Rule<br> </i></a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#5">Justinian's Imperial Wars to 540<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#6">Justinian's Imperial Wars after 540<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#7">Justinian and Roman Law<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#8">Roman Empire Disintegration 565-610<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#9">Frank Civil Wars and Brunhild 561-613<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#10">Saxon Kingdoms in Britain 476-616<br> </a><a href="AB12-GothsFranksJustinian.html#11">Pope Gregory's Reforms 590-604</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="5-9-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="5-9-Summary.html#1">Roman Domination 30 BC to 180 CE<br> </a><a href="5-9-Summary.html#2">Roman Decline and Christianity 180-610<br> </a><a href="5-9-Summary.html#3">Evaluating the Roman Empire to 610</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="5-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<center> <a name="6"></a>Volume 6: MEDIEVAL EUROPE 610-1250
|
||
</center> </h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html">Byzantine Empire 610-1095</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html#1">Heraclius and Byzantine Wars 610-717<br> </a><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html#2">Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus<br> </a><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html#3">Leo III and Byzantine Iconoclasm 717-843<br> </a><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html#4">Byzantine Empire and Bulgaria 843-927<br> </a><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html#5">Byzantine Expansion 927-1025<br> </a><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html#6">Byzantine Decline 1025-1095<br> </a><a href="AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html#7"><i>Barlaam and Ioasaph</i> and <i>Digenis Akritas</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html">Franks and Anglo-Saxons 613-899</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#1">Isidore and Christian Spain<br> </a><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#2">Lombards and Franks 613-774<br> </a><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#3">Charlemagne 768-814 and Alcuin<br> </a><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#4">Frank Empire Divided 814-899<br> </a><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#5">Anglo-Saxons 616-865<br> </a><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#6"><i>Beowulf</i> and Irish Legends<br> </a><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#7">John Scotus Erigena<br> </a><a href="AB16-Franks613-899.html#8">Danes in England and Alfred 871-899</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html">Vikings and Feudal Europe 900-1095</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#1">Vikings and Scandinavia<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#2">England and the Danes 900-1042<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#3">Franks and Western Europe 900-1095<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#4">Christian Spain 900-1095<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#5">Germans and the Ottos 900-1002<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#6">Russia to 1097<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#7">Italy and the Popes 900-1045<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#8">Germans and Eastern Europe 1002-1095<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#9">Italy, Normans, and Reform Popes 1045-1095<br> </a><a href="AB17-FeudalEurope.html#10">England and the Norman Conquest 1042-1095</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB18-Crusaders.html">Crusaders, Greeks, and Muslims</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB18-Crusaders.html#1">Crusade for Jerusalem 1095-1100<br> </a><a href="AB18-Crusaders.html#2">Jerusalem Kingdom of the Baldwins 1100-1131<br> </a><a href="AB18-Crusaders.html#3">Crusaders, Manuel, and Nur-ad-Din 1131-1174<br> </a><a href="AB18-Crusaders.html#4">Saladin and Crusading Kings 1174-1198<br> </a><a href="AB18-Crusaders.html#5">Crusades to Constantinople and Egypt 1198-1250</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="6-5-Central%26EasternEurope.html">Central and Eastern Europe 1095-1250</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="6-5-Central%26EasternEurope.html#a1">German Empire 1095-1152</a><br> <a href="6-5-Central%26EasternEurope.html#a2">Germany’s Friedrich and Heinrich VI 1152-1197</a><br> <a href="6-5-Central%26EasternEurope.html#a3">Italian Republics and Norman Sicily 1095-1197</a><br> <a href="6-5-Central%26EasternEurope.html#a4">Friedrich II, Italy and German Empire 1197-1250</a><br> <a href="6-5-Central%26EasternEurope.html#a5">Scandinavia 1095-1250</a><br> <a href="6-5-Central%26EasternEurope.html#a6">Eastern Europe 1095-1250</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html">Western Europe 1095-1250</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html#a1">France and Flanders 1095-1200</a><br> <a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html#a2">France and Flanders 1200-1250</a><br> <a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html#a3">Spanish Peninsula 1095-1250</a><br> <a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html#a4">England under Norman Kings 1095-1154</a><br> <a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html#a5">England under Henry II and Richard 1154-1199</a><br> <a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html#a6">England’s John and <i>Magna Carta</i> 1199-1226</a><br> <a href="6-6-WesternEurope.html#a7">England under Henry III 1227-1250</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html">Christian Ethics 1095-1250</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html#1">Abelard and Bernard of Clairvaux<br> </a><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html#2">Aelred of Rievaulx's<i> Spiritual Friendship<br> </i></a><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html#3">John of Salisbury on Politics<br> </a><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html#4">Hildegard of Bingen<br> </a><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html#5">Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade<br> </a><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html#6">Dominic and His Preaching Brothers<br> </a><a href="AB22-ChristianEthics.html#7">Francis of Assisi and His Lesser Brothers</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html">European Literature 1095-1250</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#1">Epics of Roland and the Cid<br> </a><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#2">Geoffrey of Monmouth and <i>The Mabinogion<br> </i></a><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#3">Romantic Love and <i>Lais</i> by Marie de France<br> </a><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#4">Arthurian Romances by Chrétien de Troyes<br> </a><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#5"><i>Nibelungenlied </i>and<i> </i>Wolfram von Eschenbach<br> </a><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#6">Romances of Tristan and Lancelot<br> </a><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#7">Snorri Sturluson and His Sagas<br> </a><a href="AB23-EuropeanLiterature.html#10">Religious Theater</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="6-9-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of the Roman Empire to 610</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="6-9-Summary.html#1">Byzantine and Frank Empires 610-1095</a><br> <a href="6-9-Summary.html#2">Crusades Era 1095-1250<br> </a><a href="6-9-Summary.html#3">Evaluating Medieval Europe 610-1250</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="6-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2><br> <a id="a7" name="a7"></a>Volume 7: MEDIEVAL EUROPE 1250-1400</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-1-CrusadersByzantineDecline.html">Crusaders and Byzantine Decline 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-1-CrusadersByzantineDecline.html#a1">Crusaders Defeated 1250-1300</a><br> <a href="7-1-CrusadersByzantineDecline.html#a2">Byzantine and Balkan Decline 1250-1350</a><br> <a href="7-1-CrusadersByzantineDecline.html#a3">Byzantine and Balkan Decline 1350-1400</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-2-EasternEurope.html">Eastern Europe 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-2-EasternEurope.html#a1">Hungary 1250-1400<br> </a><a href="7-2-EasternEurope.html#a4">Bohemia 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-2-EasternEurope.html#a7">Poland 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-2-EasternEurope.html#a8">Lithuania 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-2-EasternEurope.html#a9">Russia under the Mongols 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-2-EasternEurope.html#a10">Russian Orthodox Church 1250-1400</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html">Catholic Ethics 1250-1350</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a1">Bonaventure’s Ethics</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a2">Ethics of Thomas Aquinas</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a3">Roger Bacon and Moral Philosophy</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a4">Ramon Llull’s Spiritual Writings</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a5">Lives of Saints</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a6">Franciscans and the Spirituals</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a7">Béguines and Marguerite Porete</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a8">Dominicans and Eckhart’s Mystical Unity</a><br> <a href="7-3-CatholicEthics.html#a9">Duns Scotus and William of Ockham</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-4-GermanEmpire.html">German Empire 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-4-GermanEmpire.html#a1">Germany and the Empire 1250-1313</a><br> <a href="7-4-GermanEmpire.html#a2">Germany under Ludwig and Karl IV</a><br> <a href="7-4-GermanEmpire.html#a6">Austria 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-4-GermanEmpire.html#a7">Swiss Cantons and Confederation 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-4-GermanEmpire.html#a8">Teutonic Knights, Prussia, and Livonia</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-5-Scandinavia.html">Scandinavia 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-5-Scandinavia.html#a1">Denmark 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-5-Scandinavia.html#a2">Sweden 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-5-Scandinavia.html#a3">Norway 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-5-Scandinavia.html#a5">Iceland 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-5-Scandinavia.html#a6">Icelandic Sagas: <i>Eyrbyggja</i> and <i>Njal</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html">Castile, Aragon, Granada, and Portugal 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a1">Castile’s Alfonso X and the <i>Zohar</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a2">Castile 1284-1350</a><br> <a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a3">Castile’s Pedro I and Civil War</a><br> <a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a4">Castile 1369-1400</a><br> <a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a5">Aragon 1250-1336</a><br> <a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a6">Aragon’s Pedro IV</a><br> <a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a11">Granada 1250-1400</a><a href="#a11"><br> </a><a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a8">Portugal 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-6-SpainPortugal.html#a10">Juan Manuel’s <i>Examples</i> and Ruiz’s <i>Good Love</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html">Italian City States 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a1">Milan and the Visconti 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a2">Venice and Padua 1250-1350</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a3">Venice 1350-1400</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a4">Genoa and Pisa 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a5">Florence 1250-1336</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a6">Florence 1336-1400</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a7">Siena and Caterina</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a8">Rome and the Papal State 1250-1303</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a9">Rome and the Papal State 1303-1353</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a10">Rome and the Papal State 1353-1400</a><br> <a href="7-7-ItalianCityStates.html#a11">Sicily and Naples 1250-1400</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-8-Dante,Boccaccio.html">Dante and Marsilius</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-8-Dante,Boccaccio.html#a1">Dante’s <i>New Life </i>and<i> Banquet</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-8-Dante,Boccaccio.html#a2">Dante on One Government</a><br> <a href="7-8-Dante,Boccaccio.html#a3">Dante’s <i>Inferno</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-8-Dante,Boccaccio.html#a4">Dante’s <i>Purgatory</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-8-Dante,Boccaccio.html#a5">Dante’s <i>Paradise</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-8-Dante,Boccaccio.html#a6"><i>Defender of Peace</i> by Marsilius of Padua</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html">Petrarca and Boccaccio</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html#a1">Petrarca, the Poet Laureate</a><br> <a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html#a2">Petrarca’s Ethical Humanism 1345-53</a><br> <a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html#a3">Petrarca in Italy 1353-74</a><br> <a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html#a5">Boccaccio’s Early Work</a><br> <a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html#a6">Boccaccio’s <i>Decameron</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html#a7">Boccaccio’s <i>Illustrious Men</i> and <i>Famous Women</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-9-PetrarcaHumanists.html#a4">Salutati's Humanism</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-10-LowCountries.html">Low Countries and Burgundy 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-10-LowCountries.html#a1">Flanders under France 1250-1320</a><br> <a href="7-10-LowCountries.html#a2">Flanders under France 1320-1400</a><br> <a href="7-10-LowCountries.html#a3">Brabant, Liege and Guelders 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-10-LowCountries.html#a4">Holland, Hainault and Friesland 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-10-LowCountries.html#a5">Ruusbroec and Groote</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-11-France.html">France and National War 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-11-France.html#a1">Louis IX and Philippe III 1250-85</a><br> <a href="7-11-France.html#a2"> Philippe IV and His Sons 1285-1328</a><br> <a href="7-11-France.html#a3"> Philippe VI at War 1328-50</a><br> <a href="7-11-France.html#a4"> Jean II at War 1350-64</a><br> <a href="7-11-France.html#a5"> Charles the Wise 1364-80</a><br> <a href="7-11-France.html#a6"> Charles the Mad 1380-1400</a><br> <i><a href="7-11-France.html#a7">Romance of the Rose</a><br> </i><a href="7-11-France.html#a8">French Theatre to 1400</a><br> <a href="7-11-France.html#a9"> Machaut’s Poetry</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-12-England.html">England, Scotland, and Ireland 1250-1400</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-12-England.html#a1">Henry III and Parliament 1250-72</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a2">Edward I, Ireland and Wales 1272-90</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a3">Edward I and Scotland 1290-1307</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a4">Scotland and Robert Bruce 1306-29</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a5">Scotland 1329-1400</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a6">Edward II and the Ordinances 1307-27</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a7">Edward III and National War 1327-50</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a8">Edward III and Prince Edward 1350-77</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a9">War Taxes and the Peasants’ Revolt 1377-81</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a10">Richard II 1381-99</a><br> <a href="7-12-England.html#a11">Ireland 1327-1400</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html">Mystics, Wyclif, Gower, and Chaucer</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a1">Mystics: Rolle, Hilton, and Juliana</a><br> <i><a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a2">The Cloud of Unknowing</a><br> </i><a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a3">Wyclif and the English <i>Bible</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a4"><i>Pearl</i>, <i>Purity</i>, <i>Patience</i>, and<i> Sir Gawain</i></a><i><br> <a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a5">Piers the Plowman</a><br> </i><a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a6">Gower’s <i>Confessio Amantis</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a7">Chaucer and His Poetry</a><br> <a href="7-13-MysticsWyclifChaucer.html#a8">Chaucer’s <i>Canterbury Tales</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-14-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="7-14-Summary.html#a1">Eastern Europe 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-14-Summary.html#a2">Catholic Ethics 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-14-Summary.html#a3">Northern Europe 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-14-Summary.html#a4">Italy 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-14-Summary.html#a5">Western Europe 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-14-Summary.html#a6">British Isles 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="7-14-Summary.html#a7">Evaluating Medieval Europe 1250-1400</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="7-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2><a id="a8" name="a8"></a>Volume 8: EUROPE & Humanism 1400-1517</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-1-Italy.html">Milan and Venice 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-1-Italy.html#a1">Milan and the Sforzas</a><br> <a href="8-1-Italy.html#a2">Venice 1400-53</a><br> <a href="8-1-Italy.html#a3">Venice and the Turks 1453-95</a><br> <a href="8-1-Italy.html#a4">Venice and Wars 1495-1517</a><br> <a href="8-1-Italy.html#a5">Genoa, Pisa, and Siena 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="8-1-Italy.html#a6">Bernardino of Siena</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-1b-Florence.html">Florence, the Medici and Machiavelli</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-1b-Florence.html#a1">Florence and the Medici 1400-69</a><br> <a href="8-1b-Florence.html#a2">Florence under Lorenzo de’ Medici 1470-92</a><br> <a href="8-1b-Florence.html#a3">Florence and Savonarola 1492-98</a><br> <a href="8-1b-Florence.html#a4">Florence and Machiavelli 1498-1517</a><br> <a href="8-1b-Florence.html#a5">Machiavelli’s <i>Prince</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="8-1b-Florence.html#a6">Machiavelli’s <i>Discourses</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="8-1b-Florence.html#a7">Machiavelli’s <i>Mandragola</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-1c-Rome.html">Rome, Popes, and Naples 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-1c-Rome.html#a1">Rome and the Popes 1400-58</a><br> <a href="8-1c-Rome.html#a2">Pius II, Paul II, Sixtus IV and Innocent VIII</a><br> <a href="8-1c-Rome.html#a3">Rome under the Borgias 1492-1503</a><br> <a href="8-1c-Rome.html#a4">Rome under Julius II and Leo X 1503-17</a><br> <a href="8-1c-Rome.html#a5">Naples and Sicily 1400-1517</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html">Italy and Humanism</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a1">Vergerio and Bruni</a><br> <a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a2">Vittorino and Guarino Teaching</a><br> <a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a3">Alberti, Valla, Piccolomini, and Manetti</a><br> <a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a4">Ficino, Poliziano, and Pico della Mirandola</a><br> <a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a5">Humanists and Naples</a><br> <a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a6">Pulci and Boiardo’s <i>Orlando Innamorato</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a7">Ariosto’s <i>Orlando Furioso</i> and <i>Satires</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a8">Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo</a><br> <a href="8-1d-ItalianHumanists.html#a9">Castiglione’s <i>Book of the Courtier</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html">Eastern Europe 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html#a1">Greece and Hungary 1400-53</a><br> <a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html#a1b">Jan Hus</a><br> <a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html#a2">Bohemia’s Hussite Revolution</a><br> <a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html#a3">Chelcicky’s Nonviolence</a><br> <a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html#a3b">Hungary and Bohemia 1453-1517</a><br> <a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html#a4">Poland and Lithuania 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="8-2-EasternEurope.html#a5">Russia 1400-1517</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-3-Germany.html">German Empire 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-3-Germany.html#a1">Germany and the Constance Council 1400-18</a><br> <a href="8-3-Germany.html#a2">German Empire 1418-39</a><br> <a href="8-3-Germany.html#a3">Council of Basel and Nikolaus of Cusa</a><br> <a href="8-3-Germany.html#a4">German Empire 1440-53</a><br> <a href="8-3-Germany.html#a5">German Empire and Hapsburgs 1453-1517<br> </a><a href="8-3-Germany.html#a6">Swiss Cantons and Confederation 1400-1517<br> </a><a href="8-3-Germany.html#a7">Low Countries and Burgundy 1400-53<br> </a><a href="8-3-Germany.html#a8">Low Countries and Burgundy 1453-1517<br> </a><i><a href="8-3-Germany.html#a9">Imitation of Christ</a></i></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-5-Scandinavia.html">Scandinavia 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-5-Scandinavia.html#a1">Scandinavia’s Kalmar Union 1397-1450</a><br> <a href="8-5-Scandinavia.html#a2">Denmark 1450-1517</a><br> <a href="8-5-Scandinavia.html#a3">Sweden 1450-1517</a><br> <a href="8-5-Scandinavia.html#a4">Norway 1450-1517</a><br> <a href="8-5-Scandinavia.html#a5">Iceland 1400-1517</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html">Castile, Aragon, Granada, and Portugal 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a1">Castile 1400-74</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a2">Castile of Isabel and Fernando 1474-92</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a3">Castile of Isabel and Fernando 1492-1504</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a4">Aragon 1400-79</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a5">Aragon of Fernando II 1479-1504</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a6">Spain of Fernando 1504-17</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a7">Granada 1400-1502</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a8">Portugal of Joao I and Afonso V 1400-81</a><br> <a href="8-4-Spain%26Portugal.html#a9">Portugal of Joao II and Manuel 1481-1517</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-6-France1400-53.html">France’s Long War 1400-1453</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a1">France in Conflict 1400-15</a><br> <a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a2">France Invaded by the English 1415-29</a><br> <a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a3">Jeanne d’Arc 1429-31</a><br> <a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a4">French Expulsion of the English 1431-53</a><br> <a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a5">Gerson and the Church Schism</a><br> <a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a6">Christine de Pizan and Feminism</a><br> <a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a7">Christine de Pizan’s <i>City of Ladies</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="8-6-France1400-53.html#a8">Christine de Pizan’s <i>Book of Peace</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-7-France1453.html">France and Wars in Italy 1453-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-7-France1453.html#a1">France under Louis XI 1461-70</a><br> <a href="8-7-France1453.html#a2">France under Louis XI 1471-83</a><br> <a href="8-7-France1453.html#a3">France under Anne and Beaujeu 1483-91</a><br> <a href="8-7-France1453.html#a4">Charles VIII’s Invasion of Italy</a><br> <a href="8-7-France1453.html#a5">France under Louis XII 1498-1515</a><br> <a href="8-7-France1453.html#a6">France of François 1515-17</a><br> <a href="8-7-France1453.html#a7">French Poetry, Villon and Theatre</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-8-England1399.html">England of Henry IV, V, and VI 1399-1461</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-8-England1399.html#a1">England under Henry IV 1399-1413</a><br> <a href="8-8-England1399.html#a2">England under Henry V 1413-22</a><br> <a href="8-8-England1399.html#a3">England under the Regency 1422-37</a><br> <a href="8-8-England1399.html#a4">England under Henry VI 1437-53</a><br> <a href="8-8-England1399.html#a5">England’s War of the Roses 1453-61</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-9-England1461.html">England 1461-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-9-England1461.html#a1">Edward IV and the War of Roses 1461-71</a><br> <a href="8-9-England1461.html#a2">England under Edward IV 1471-83</a><br> <a href="8-9-England1461.html#a3">England under Richard III 1483-85</a><br> <a href="8-9-England1461.html#a4">England under Henry VII 1485-91</a><br> <a href="8-9-England1461.html#a5">England under Henry VII 1491-1509</a><br> <a href="8-9-England1461.html#a6">England under Young Henry VIII 1509-17</a><br> <a href="8-9-England1461.html#a7">Mystery, Miracle, and Morality Plays</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html">Scotland and Ireland 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html#a1">Scotland and James I 1400-37</a><br> <a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html#a2">Scotland under James II 1437-60</a><br> <a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html#a3">Scotland during the Reign of James III 1460-88</a><br> <a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html#a4">Scotland under James IV 1488-1513</a><br> <a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html#a5">Scotland under Regency 1513-17</a><br> <a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html#a6">Ireland and the English Pale 1400-60</a><br> <a href="8-10-Scotland%26Ireland.html#a7">Ireland and the Kildares 1460-1517</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html">Erasmus and Spreading Humanism</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a1">Humanists in Germany and Low Countries</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a2">Humanism in Eastern Europe</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a3">Humanism in France and Spain</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a4">Erasmus and Adages</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a5">Erasmus on Education 1501-14</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a6">Erasmus on Education 1514-17</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a7">Erasmus on Peace</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a8">Colet and English Humanism</a><br> <a href="8-11-ErasmusandHumanism.html#a9">More’s <i>Utopia</i></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-12-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation Europe & Humanism 1400-1517</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="8-12-Summary.html#a1">Italian City States 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="8-12-Summary.html#a2">Eastern and Northern Europe 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="8-12-Summary.html#a3">Spain, Portugal, and France 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="8-12-Summary.html#a4">England, Scotland and Ireland 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="8-12-Summary.html#a5">Humanism from Italy to Europe 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="8-12-Summary.html#a6">Evaluating Europe and Humanism 1400-1517</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="8-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2><a name="a9"></a>Volume 9: Europe & Reform 1517-1588</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html">Luther’s Reforms and Germany 1517-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a1">Luther Exposes Papist Corruption 1517-20<br> </a><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a2">Luther’s Defense of His Reforms 1520-21</a><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a3"><br> Lutheran Reforms 1521-23 </a><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a4"><br> German Peasants’ Rebellion 1524-25 </a><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a5"><br> Luther and the Reformation 1525-30 </a><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a6"><br> Luther and the Reformation 1531-46 </a><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a7"><br> Germany and the Reformation 1546-64 </a><a href="9-1-Luther&Germany.html#a8"><br> Germany and Catholic Reformation 1564-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-2-ZwingliCalvin&Swiss.html">Zwingli, Calvin, and the Swiss</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-2-ZwingliCalvin&Swiss.html#a1">Zwingli of Zurich and Reforms 1517-24</a><br> <a href="9-2-ZwingliCalvin&Swiss.html#a2">Zwingli, Zurich, and Conflicts 1525-31</a><br> <a href="9-2-ZwingliCalvin&Swiss.html#a3">Anabaptists in Switzerland 1525-31</a><br> <a href="9-2-ZwingliCalvin&Swiss.html#a4">Geneva and Calvin’s Reforms 1517-46</a><br> <a href="9-2-ZwingliCalvin&Swiss.html#a5">Calvinism and Reform 1547-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html">Eastern Europe 1517-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a1">Austria and the Hapsburgs 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a2">Hungary and Transylvania 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a3">Bohemia 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a4">Poland-Lithuania under Zygmunt I 1517-48</a><br> <a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a5">Poland-Lithuania under Zygmunt II 1548-72</a><br> <a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a6">Poland-Lithuania and Batory 1572-87</a><br> <a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a8">Russia and Ivan IV 1517-60</a><br> <a href="9-3-EasternEurope.html#a9">Russia under Ivan IV and Boris 1560-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-4-Scandinavia.html">Scandinavia 1517-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-4-Scandinavia.html#a1">Denmark 1517-33</a><br> <a href="9-4-Scandinavia.html#a2">Denmark 1533-88</a><br> <a href="9-4-Scandinavia.html#a3">Sweden and Gustav Vasa 1517-60</a><br> <a href="9-4-Scandinavia.html#a4">Sweden under Erik XIV and Johan III 1560-88</a><br> <a href="9-4-Scandinavia.html#a6">Norway 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-4-Scandinavia.html#a7">Iceland 1517-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html">Imperial Spain and Portugal 1517-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a1">Spain, Charles V, and Comuneros 1517-22</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a2">Charles V Ruling in Spain 1522-29</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a3">Spain and Emperor Charles V 1530-42</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a4">Charles V and His Empire 1543-58</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a5">Spain and Felipe II 1556-64</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a6">Spain, Felipe II, and Rebellion 1564-68</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a7">Spain and Felipe II’s Empire 1569-80</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a8">Spain and Felipe II’s Wars 1580-88</a><br> <a href="9-5-Spain&Portugal.html#a9">Portugal and its Empire 1517-88 </a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html">Spain’s Renaissance</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a1">Vives on Education</a><br> <a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a2">Vitoria and International Law</a><br> <a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a3">Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits</a><br> <a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a4">Servetus and His Martyrdom</a><br> <a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a5">Teresa of Avila</a><br> <a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a6">Juan de la Cruz</a><br> <a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a7"><em>Lazarillo de Tormes</em> and El Greco</a><br> <a href="9-6-SpainRenaissance.html#a8">Cervantes and His <em>Numantia</em> Play</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html">Netherlands Revolt against Spain 1517-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html#a1">Netherlands under Margaret 1517-30<br> </a><a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html#a2">Netherlands under Mary 1531-55</a><br> <a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html#a3">Anabaptists and Menno Simons</a><br> <a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html#a4">Netherlands in Crisis 1555-67</a><br> <a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html#a5">Netherlands under Alba’s Repression 1567-72</a><br> <a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html#a6">Dutch Revolt 1573-78</a><br> <a href="9-7-NetherlandsRevolt.html#a7">Low Countries Divided 1579-1588</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-8-Italy.html">Italy and Spanish Domination 1517-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-8-Italy.html#a1">Italian Wars with France and Spain 1517-29</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a2">Italian Wars under Spanish Rule 1530-59</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a3">Popes Leo X, Clement VII and Paul III</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a4">Popes Paul IV, Pius IV and Pius V</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a5">Popes Gregory XIII and Sixtus V</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a6">Venice 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a7">Naples and Sicily 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a8">Guicciardini and Italian Philosophy</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a9">Bruno’s Philosophy and Martyrdom</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a10">Aretino and Italian Comedies</a><br> <a href="9-8-Italy.html#a11">Tasso and Italian Literature</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-9-France1517-59.html">France and Foreign Wars 1517-1559</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-9-France1517-59.html#a1">François I and His Wars 1517-30</a><br> <a href="9-9-France1517-59.html#a2">François I and His Wars 1530-47</a><br> <a href="9-9-France1517-59.html#a3">Henri II, Wars and Calvinists 1547-59</a> <br> <a href="9-9-France1517-59.html#a4">Rabelais’ <em>Gargantua and Pantagruel</em></a> <br> <a href="9-9-France1517-59.html#a5">Marguerite of Navarre and <em>Heptameron</em></a> <br> <a href="9-9-France1517-59.html#a6">Nostradamus and His Prophecies</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-10-France1559.html">France’s Christian Wars 1559-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-10-France1559.html#a1">France in Turmoil 1559-62</a><br> <a href="9-10-France1559.html#a2">France’s First Civil War and Peace 1562-67</a><br> <a href="9-10-France1559.html#a3">France’s Civil Wars 1566-76</a><br> <a href="9-10-France1559.html#a4">Henri III and the Catholic League 1576-89</a><br> <a href="9-10-France1559.html#a6">French Poetry and Ronsard</a><br> <a href="9-10-France1559.html#a7">Montaigne’s <em>Essays</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-11-England1558.html">England, Henry VIII & Reform 1517-1558</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-11-England1558.html#a1">Henry VIII and Cardinal Wolsey 1517-30</a><br> <a href="9-11-England1558.html#a2">English Reformation 1525-34</a> <br> <a href="9-11-England1558.html#a3">Henry VIII and Thomas Cromwell 1534-40</a> <br> <a href="9-11-England1558.html#a4">Northern England and Wales 1517-58 <br> </a><a href="9-11-England1558.html#a5">Henry VIII and War 1540-47</a><br> <a href="9-11-England1558.html#a6">Elyot and His <em>Book of the Governor</em></a><br> <a href="9-11-England1558.html#a7">England of Edward VI 1547-53</a><br> <a href="9-11-England1558.html#a8">Mary Tudor and Catholic England 1553-58</a><br> <a href="9-11-England1558.html#a9">English Theater 1517-58</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-12-England1558-88.html">England of Elizabeth 1558-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-12-England1558-88.html#a1">Elizabeth’s Reform 1558-64</a><br> <a href="9-12-England1558-88.html#a2">Elizabeth and Northern Rebels 1564-71</a><br> <a href="9-12-England1558-88.html#a3">Elizabeth and Protestants 1572-83</a> <br> <a href="9-12-England1558-88.html#a4">Elizabeth and Catholic Threats 1583-88</a> <br> <a href="9-12-England1558-88.html#a5">Lyly’s <em>Euphues</em> and Sidney’s Writing</a> <br> <a href="9-12-England1558-88.html#a6">Elizabethan Theater to 1588</a> <br> <a href="9-12-England1558-88.html#a7">Kyd’s <em>Spanish Tragedy</em> and Marlowe’s <em>Tamberlaine</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-13-ScotlandIreland.html">Scotland and Ireland 1517-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-13-ScotlandIreland.html#a1">Scotland under James V 1517-42</a><br> <a href="9-13-ScotlandIreland.html#a2">Scotland under Regency 1543-61</a><br> <a href="9-13-ScotlandIreland.html#a3">Scotland under Mary Stuart 1561-67</a><br> <a href="9-13-ScotlandIreland.html#a4">Scotland under Regents 1567-88</a><br> <a href="9-13-ScotlandIreland.html#a5">Ireland under Henry VIII 1517-47</a><br> <a href="9-13-ScotlandIreland.html#a6">Ireland under English Conquest 1547-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-14-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation Europe & Reform 1517-1588</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="9-14-Summary.html#a1">Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin</a><br> <a href="9-14-Summary.html#a2">Eastern Europe and Scandinavia 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-14-Summary.html#a3">Spain and Portugal 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-14-Summary.html#a4">Low Countries and Italy under Spanish Empire 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-14-Summary.html#a5">France 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-14-Summary.html#a6">England, Scotland, and Ireland 1517-88</a><br> <a href="9-14-Summary.html#a7">Evaluating Europe & Reform 1517-1588</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="9-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2><a name="a10"></a>Volume 10: EUROPE Wars & Plays 1588-1648</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html">Germanic Empire and the 30-Year War</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a1">Austrian and German Empire 1588-1607</a><br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a2">Austrian and German Empire 1608-18</a><br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a3">Bohemia 1588-1617</a><br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a4">30-Year War Begins in Bohemia 1618-20</a><br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a5">Ferdinand II’s Imperial Victories 1621-30</a> <br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a6">Swedes in the Imperial War 1630-35</a> <br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a7">Imperial War 1636-44</a> <br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a8">Negotiating Peace in Central Europe 1644-48</a> <br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a9">Kepler and Boehme</a> <br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a10">Comenius on Education to 1648</a> <br> <a href="10-1-GermanEmpire.html#a11">Swiss Confederation and Neutrality 1588-1648</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html">Eastern Europe 1588-1648</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html#a1">Hungary and Transylvania 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html#a2">Poland-Lithuania under Zygmunt III 1587-1600<br> </a><a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html#a3">Poland-Lithuania under Zygmunt III 1600-32</a><br> <a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html#a4">Poland-Lithuania 1632-48</a><br> <a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html#a5">Russia of Boris Godunov 1588-1605</a><br> <a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html#a6">Russia’s Time of Troubles 1605-13</a><br> <a href="10-2-EasternEurope.html#a7">Russia under Romanovs 1613-48</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-3-Scandinavia.html">Scandinavia 1588-1648</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-3-Scandinavia.html#a1">Denmark of Kristian IV 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-3-Scandinavia.html#a2">Sweden’s Revolution 1588-1611</a><br> <a href="10-3-Scandinavia.html#a3">Sweden of Gustav II Adolf 1612-32</a><br> <a href="10-3-Scandinavia.html#a4">Sweden 1632-48</a><br> <a href="10-3-Scandinavia.html#a5">Norway and Iceland 1588-1648</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-4-NetherlandsDivided.html">Netherlands Divided 1588-1648</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-4-NetherlandsDivided.html#a1">Spanish Netherlands 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-4-NetherlandsDivided.html#a2">United Dutch Republic 1588-1608</a><br> <a href="10-4-NetherlandsDivided.html#a3">Netherlands during the Truce 1609-21</a><br> <a href="10-4-NetherlandsDivided.html#a4">Netherlands Divided 1621-28</a><br> <a href="10-4-NetherlandsDivided.html#a5">Netherlands at War 1629-48</a><br> <a href="10-4-NetherlandsDivided.html#a6">Grotius on the Laws of War and Peace</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html">Spanish and Portuguese Empires 1588-1648</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a1">Spanish Empire of Felipe II 1588-98</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a2">Spain of Felipe III and Lerma 1598-1606</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a3">Spain of Felipe III and Lerma 1607-21</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a4">Spain of Felipe IV and Olivares 1621-39</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a5">Spain of Felipe IV in Decline 1640-48</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a6">Portugal under Spain and Liberated</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a7">Suarez on Law</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a8">Quevedo and Satire</a><br> <a href="10-5-SpainandPortugal.html#a9">Gracian’s Art of Prudence</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html">Cervantes, Lope de Vega & Calderon</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a1">Cervantes’ <em>Don Quixote <br> </em></a><a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a2">Cervantes’ <em>Exemplary Novels <br> </em></a><a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a3">Lope de Vega’s Life, Loves, and Literature<em> <br> </em></a><a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a4">Lope de Vega’s Plays before 1611<em><br> </em></a><a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a5">Lope de Vega’s Plays after 1611<br> </a><a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a6">Tirso de Molina and Alarcon</a><br> <a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a7">Calderon’s Plays before 1634</a><br> <a href="10-6-CervantesLope.html#a8">Calderon’s Plays after 1634</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-7-Italy.html">Italy and Spanish Rule 1588-1648</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-7-Italy.html#a1">Venice, a Republic, Sarpi and Zen</a><br> <a href="10-7-Italy.html#a2">Milan and Northwest Italy 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-7-Italy.html#a3">Florence under the Medici 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-7-Italy.html#a4">Popes Clement VIII, Paul V and Urban VIII</a><br> <a href="10-7-Italy.html#a5">Naples 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-7-Italy.html#a6">Sicily 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-7-Italy.html#a7">Campanella and His City of the Sun</a> <br> <a href="10-7-Italy.html#a8">Galileo and Scientific Discoveries</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-8-France.html">France’s Henri IV, Richelieu & Mazarin</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-8-France.html#a1">Henri IV Ends France’s Civil Wars 1589-98</a><br> <a href="10-8-France.html#a2">France at Peace under Henri IV 1598-1610</a><br> <a href="10-8-France.html#a3">France’s Regency of Marie de Médici 1610-17</a><br> <a href="10-8-France.html#a4">France under Louis XIII 1617-24</a><br> <a href="10-8-France.html#a5">Richelieu, Master of Catholic France 1624-34</a><br> <a href="10-8-France.html#a6">Richelieu and France’s Wars 1635-42</a><br> <a href="10-8-France.html#a7">France under Regency and Mazarin 1643-48</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-9-VincentDescartes.html">Vincent, Descartes & Corneille</a><a href="10-8-France.html"></a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-9-VincentDescartes.html#a1">François de Sales and Jeanne de Chantal</a><br> <a href="10-9-VincentDescartes.html#a2">Vincent de Paul and Ladies of Charity</a><br> <a href="10-9-VincentDescartes.html#a3">Descartes’ New Philosophy</a><br> <a href="10-9-VincentDescartes.html#a4">Descartes on Emotions</a><br> <a href="10-9-VincentDescartes.html#a5">Corneille’s Comedies</a><br> <a href="10-9-VincentDescartes.html#a6">Corneille’s Tragedies to 1648</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html">England, Ireland & Scotland 1588-1625</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a1">Elizabethan England 1588-1603</a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a2">Irish Rebels & Scotland of James VI 1588-1603</a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a3">England under James I 1603-11</a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a4">England under James I 1612-25</a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a5">Ireland and Scotland under James 1603-25</a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a10">Francis Bacon and His <em>Essays</em></a> <br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a6">Bacon’s <em>Advancement of Learning</em></a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a7">Bacon’s Career and Scientific Ideas</a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a8">Burton’s <em>Anatomy of Melancholy</em></a><br> <a href="10-10-Britain1588-1625.html#a9">Donne’s Poetry and Preaching</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html">Britain of Charles and Civil War 1625-49</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html#a1">England of Charles I 1625-39</a><br> <a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html#a2">Ireland and Scotland 1625-39</a><br> <a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html#a3">British Conflict 1640-42</a><br> <a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html#a4">British Civil War 1642-45</a><br> <a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html#a5">British Civil War and Levellers 1646-49</a><br> <a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html#a6">Browne’s <em>Religio Medici</em></a><br> <a href="10-11-Britain1625-49.html#a7">Milton on Education and Freedom</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html">Shakespeare’s Plays</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a1">Shakespeare’s <em>Henry VI</em>, <em>Richard III</em> & <em>King John</em></a><br> <a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a2">Shakespeare’s Early Comedies</a><br> <a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a3">Shakespeare’s <em>Richard II</em>, <em>Henry IV</em>, V & <em>VIII</em></a><br> <a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a4">Shakespeare’s Middle Comedies</a><br> <em><a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a5">Romeo & Juliet</a></em><a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a5">, <em>Hamlet</em>, <em>Othello</em>, <em>Lear</em> & <em>Macbeth</em></a><br> <a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a6">Shakespeare’s Classical Tragedies</a><br> <a href="10-12-Shakespeare.html#a7">Shakespeare’s Late Romances</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html">English Theater 1588-1642</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a1">Marlowe’s Last Four Plays</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a2">Greene, Peele, and Thomas Heywood</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a3">Chapman’s Plays</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a4">Dekker and Marston</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a5">Ben Jonson’s Plays</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a6">Middleton’s Plays</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a7">Webster and Tourneur</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a8">Beaumont and Fletcher</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a9">Massinger and Fletcher</a><br> <a href="10-13-EnglishTheater.html#a10">Ford and Shirley</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-14-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of Europe 1588-1648</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="10-14-Summary.html#a1">German Empire and the 30-Year War</a><br> <a href="10-14-Summary.html#a2">Eastern and Northern Europe 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-14-Summary.html#a3">Spain, Portugal, and Italy 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-14-Summary.html#a4">France 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-14-Summary.html#a5">England, Ireland & Scotland 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="10-14-Summary.html#a6">English Theater 1588-1642</a><br> <a href="10-14-Summary.html#a7">Evaluating Europe 1588-1648</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="10-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<p align="left"><a name="11"></a>Volume 11: AMERICA to 1744</p>
|
||
</center> </h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-1-Mayans%2CAztecs%2CIncas.html">Mayans, Toltecs, Aztecs, and Incas</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-1-Mayans%2CAztecs%2CIncas.html#1">Mayans<br> </a><a href="11-1-Mayans%2CAztecs%2CIncas.html#2">Toltecs and Anasazi<br> </a><a href="11-1-Mayans%2CAztecs%2CIncas.html#3">Aztecs to 1519<br> </a><a href="11-1-Mayans%2CAztecs%2CIncas.html#4">Incas to 1532</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html">Spanish Conquest 1492-1580</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#1">Columbus and the Caribbean<br> </a><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#2">Caribbean and Panama 1500-21<br> </a><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#3">Cortes in Mexico 1519-28<br> </a><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#9">Mexico 1528-80</a><br> <a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#4">Central America and Caribbean 1521-80<br> </a><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#5">Cabeza, Coronado, Soto, and Menendez<br> </a><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#6">Pizarros and Peru 1532-80<br> </a><a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#11">New Granada 1525-80</a><br> <a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#8">Southern South America to 1580</a><br> <a href="11-2-SpanishConquest.html#10">Las Casas on the Spanish Conquest</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-3-Brazil1500-1744.html">Brazil and Guiana 1500-1744</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-3-Brazil1500-1744.html#1">Portuguese in Brazil 1500-80<br> </a><a href="11-3-Brazil1500-1744.html#2">Brazil and the Dutch 1580-1654<br> </a><a href="11-3-Brazil1500-1744.html#3">Brazil and Vieira 1654-1700<br> </a><a href="11-3-Brazil1500-1744.html#4">Brazil and Slavery 1700-44<br> </a><a href="11-3-Brazil1500-1744.html#5">Guiana to 1744</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html">Spanish Colonies and the West Indies 1580-1744</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#4">Rio de la Plata 1580-1744<br> </a><a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#5">Peru and Chile 1580-1744<br> </a><a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#6">New Granada 1580-1744</a><br> <a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#9">Central America 1580-1744<br> </a><a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#10">Mexico 1580-1744<br> </a><a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#11">Northern Mexico 1580-1744<br> </a><a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#8">Spanish and French West Indies 1580-1744</a><br> <a href="11-4-LatinAmerica1580-1744.html#7">British and Dutch West Indies 1580-1744</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html">Northern America to 1642</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#1">Hiawatha and the Iroquois League<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#2">Cartier and Champlain in Canada 1534-1642<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#3">Raleigh and Roanoke 1585-90<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#4">Jamestown, Smith and Pocahontas 1607-16<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#5">Virginia Company and Colony 1616-42<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#6">Maryland and Cecil Calvert 1632-42<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#7">New Netherland Company 1614-42<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#8">Plymouth Pilgrims and Bradford 1620-43<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#9">Massachusetts Puritans and Winthrop 1629-43<br> Pequot War and </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#10">Connecticut 1634-42<br> </a><a href="11-4-NorthernAmericato1642.html#11">Roger Williams and Rhode Island to 1642</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-5-Colonies1643-64.html">English, French, and Dutch Colonies 1643-1664</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-5-Colonies1643-64.html#1">French and the Iroquois 1642-63<br> </a><a href="11-5-Colonies1643-64.html#2">New England Confederation 1643-64<br> </a><a href="11-5-Colonies1643-64.html#3">Rhode Island and Williams 1643-64<br> </a><a href="11-5-Colonies1643-64.html#4">New Netherland and Stuyvesant 1642-64<br> </a><a href="11-5-Colonies1643-64.html#5">Maryland and the Calverts 1642-64<br> </a><a href="11-5-Colonies1643-64.html#6">Virginia and Berkeley 1642-64</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-6-NewFrance1663-1744.html">New France 1663-1744</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-6-NewFrance1663-1744.html#1">Canada of Louis XIV and Frontenac 1663-80<br> </a><a href="11-6-NewFrance1663-1744.html#2">Canada and La Salle 1680-88<br> </a><a href="11-6-NewFrance1663-1744.html#3">Canada, Frontenac, and War 1689-1713<br> </a><a href="11-6-NewFrance1663-1744.html#4">Canada Between Wars 1713-44<br> </a><a href="11-6-NewFrance1663-1744.html#5">Louisiana 1699-1750</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html">New England 1664-1744</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#1">New England and Metacom's War 1664-77<br> </a><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#2">New England Disunion 1676-91<br> </a><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#3">Salem Witch Trials<br> </a><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#4">Massachusetts 1692-1744<br> </a><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#5">Cotton Mather and John Wise<br> </a><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#6">Rhode Island 1692-1744<br> </a><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#7">Connecticut 1692-1744<br> </a><a href="11-7-NewEngland1664-1744.html#8">Edwards and the Great Revival</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-8-NYtoPenn1664-1744.html">New York to Pennsylvania 1664-1744</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-8-NYtoPenn1664-1744.html#1">New York under James 1664-88<br> </a><a href="11-8-NYtoPenn1664-1744.html#2">New York 1689-1744<br> </a><a href="11-8-NYtoPenn1664-1744.html#3">New Jersey 1664-1744<br> </a><a href="11-8-NYtoPenn1664-1744.html#4">Penn and Pennsylvania 1681-88<br> </a><a href="11-8-NYtoPenn1664-1744.html#5">Pennsylvania and Penn 1688-1701<br> </a><a href="11-8-NYtoPenn1664-1744.html#6">Pennsylvania Expansion 1702-44</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html">Maryland, Virginia, Carolinas, and Georgia 1663-1744</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#1">Maryland and Calverts 1664-1744<br> </a><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#2">Virginia and Bacon's Rebellion 1664-80<br> </a><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#3">Virginia Expansion 1680-1744<br> </a><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#4">Carolina Proprietary Colonies 1663-88<br> </a><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#5">North Carolina 1689-1744<br> </a><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#6">South Carolina 1689-1719<br> </a><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#7">South Carolina and Slavery 1720-44<br> </a><a href="11-9-VirginiaEtc1664-1744.html#8">Georgia and Oglethorpe 1732-44</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-11-FranklinsEthics.html">Franklin's Practical Ethics</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-11-FranklinsEthics.html#1">Franklin's <i>Autobiography<br> </i></a><a href="11-11-FranklinsEthics.html#2">Silence Dogood and Franklin's Religion<br> </a><a href="11-11-FranklinsEthics.html#3">Franklin's Journalism 1729-47<br> </a><a href="11-11-FranklinsEthics.html#4"><i>Poor Richard's Almanac</i> 1733-58</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-12-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of America to 1744</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-12-Summary.html#1">Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas<br> </a><a href="11-12-Summary.html#2">Spanish Colonies 1492-1744<br> </a><a href="11-12-Summary.html#3">Brazil 1500-1744<br> </a><a href="11-12-Summary.html#4">French, Dutch, and English Colonies to 1664<br> </a><a href="11-12-Summary.html#5">New France and New England 1664-1744<br> </a><a href="11-12-Summary.html#6">New York to Georgia 1664-1744<br> </a><a href="11-12-Summary.html#7">Evaluating American Civilization to 1744</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="11-13-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="11-13-Bibliography.html#1">General<br> </a><a href="11-13-Bibliography.html#2">Mayans, Toltecs, Aztecs, and Incas<br> </a><a href="11-13-Bibliography.html#3">Colonial Latin America to 1744<br> </a><a href="11-13-Bibliography.html#4">Northern Colonies to 1744</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h2 align="left"><a name="a12"></a>Volume 12: EUROPE & Kings 1648-1715</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html">British Commonwealth 1649-60</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a1">Rump Parliament and Cromwell 1649-52</a><br> <a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a2">Cromwell and the Dutch War 1652-54</a><br> <a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a3">Ireland and Scotland 1649-60</a><br> <a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a4">Cromwell’s Protectorate 1655-58</a><br> <a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a5">England in Transition 1558-60</a><br> <a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a6">Hobbes’ <em>Leviathan</em> and Harrington’s <em>Oceana</em></a><br> <a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a7">George Fox and Friends (Quakers) to 1660</a><br> <a href="12-1-BritishCommonwealth1649-60.html#a8">Commonwealth Plays and Davenant</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html">Britain of Charles II 1660-85</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a1">Charles II Restored 1660-68</a><br> <a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a2">Charles II’s Britain 1668-77</a><br> <a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a3">Charles II’s Britain 1677-85</a><br> <a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a4">Ireland and Scotland 1660-85</a><br> <a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a5">Quakers Fox and Penn 1660-85</a><br> <a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a6">Milton’s <em>Paradise Lost</em>, <em>Regained</em> and <em>Samson</em></a><br> <a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a7">Bunyan’s <em>Pilgrim’s Progress</em> and <em>Badman</em></a><br> <a href="12-2-BritainCharlesII1660-85.html#a8">English Vegetarians and Newton’s Theories</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html">Britain's Revolution & Wars 1685-1714</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a1">Britain under Catholic James II 1685-88</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a2">William III’s Revolution and War 1689-94</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a3">William III’s War and Peace 1694-1702</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a4">Anne’s War and Union with Scotland 1702-07</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a5">Queen Anne’s War and Peace 1708-14</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a6">Quakers and European Peace 1693-1710</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a7">Locke and Toleration</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a8">Locke on Government</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a9">Locke on Understanding and Education</a><br> <a href="12-3-BritainsWars.html#a10">Berkeley’s Spiritual Philosophy</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html">English Restoration Plays</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a1">Restoration Theatre and Robert Howard</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a2">Dryden’s Heroic Dramas</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a3">Dryden’s Later Plays</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a4">Wycherley’s Four Comedies</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a5">Etherege and Shadwell</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a6">Aphra Behn’s Plays and Novella <em>Oroonoko</em></a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a7">History Plays of Lee and Banks</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a8">Tragedies of Otway and Southerne</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a9">Congreve’s Comedies</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a10">Cibber’s Comedies and Vanbrugh’s <em>Relapse</em></a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a11">Farquhar’s Comedies</a><br> <a href="12-4-RestorationPlays.html#a12">Rowe’s Tragedies and Addison’s <em>Cato</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html">France in the Era of Louis XIV</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html#a1">Fronde Revolt 1648-53</a><br> <a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html#a2">France Governed by Mazarin 1653-60</a><br> <a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html#a3">Louis XIV Begins Ruling 1661-65</a><br> <a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html#a4">Louis XIV and Two Wars 1666-80</a><br> <a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html#a5">Louis XIV and Expanding Power 1681-99</a><br> <a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html#a6">France and the War over Spain 1700-15</a><br> <a href="12-5-FranceofLouisXIV.html#a7">Saint-Pierre’s Plan for Peace in Europe</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-6-FrenchCulture.html">French Culture 1648-1715</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-6-FrenchCulture.html#a1">Jansenism and Pascal’s <em>Provincial Letters</em></a><br> <a href="12-6-FrenchCulture.html#a2">Pascal’s <em>Pensées</em></a><br> <a href="12-6-FrenchCulture.html#a3">Quietism, Fénelon, Bayle & Malebranche</a><br> <a href="12-6-FrenchCulture.html#a4">La Rochefoucauld and Mme. de Lafayette</a><br> <a href="12-6-FrenchCulture.html#a5">Boileau, Fontenelle & La Fontaine’s <em>Fables</em></a><br> <a href="12-6-FrenchCulture.html#a6">La Bruyère’s <em>Characters</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html">Molière and Racine</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html#a1">Corneille’s Later Plays</a><br> <a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html#a2">Molière’s Early Comedies</a><br> <a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html#a3">Molière’s <em>Tartuffe</em>, <em>Don Juan</em> & <em>Misanthrope</em></a><br> <a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html#a4">Molière’s Comedies 1666-70</a><br> <a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html#a5">Molière’s Last Two Plays</a><br> <a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html#a6">Racine’s Tragedies to 1670</a><br> <a href="12-7-MoliereandRacine.html#a7">Racine’s Tragedies after 1670</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html">Spain, Portugal and Italy 1648-1715</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a1">Spain in Decline under Felipe IV 1648-65</a><br> <a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a2">Spain in Decline under Carlos II 1665-1700</a><br> <a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a3">Spain’s War of Succession & Felipe V 1700-15</a><br> <a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a4">Portugal under Spain and Liberated 1648-1715 </a><br> <a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a5">Venice, Milan, and Tuscany 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a6">Popes from Innocent X to Clement XI</a><br> <a href="12-8-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a7">Sicily, Naples, and Vico</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html">Austrian Empire & German States 1648-1715</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a1">Austrian Empire 1648-70</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a2">Leopold’s Austria and Hungary 1671-88</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a3">Austrian Empire and Wars 1689-1715</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a4">Comenius on Education 1650-70</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a5">German States 1648-80</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a6">German States 1680-1715</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a7">Pufendorf and Thomasius</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a8">Leibniz and Ethics</a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a9">Grimmelshausen’s <em>Simplicissimus</em></a><br> <a href="12-9-AustrianEmpire.html#a10">Swiss Confederation and Neutrality 1648-1715</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html">Netherlands and Spinoza</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html#a1">Netherlands and Johan de Witt 1648-59</a><br> <a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html#a2">Netherlands and Johan de Witt 1660-72</a><br> <a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html#a3">Netherlands and Willem III 1672-1702</a><br> <a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html#a4">Netherlands and War Against France 1702-15</a><br> <a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html#a5">Spinoza’s Life and Early Work</a><br> <a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html#a6">Spinoza’s <em>Ethics</em></a><br> <a href="12-10-NetherlandsandSpinoza.html#a7">Spinoza’s <em>Tractatus Theologico-Politicus</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-11-Scandinavia.html">Scandinavia 1648-1715</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-11-Scandinavia.html#a1">Denmark of Frederik III 1648-70</a><br> <a href="12-11-Scandinavia.html#a2">Denmark of Kristian V & Frederik IV 1670-1715</a><br> <a href="12-11-Scandinavia.html#a3">Norway and Iceland 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-11-Scandinavia.html#a4">Sweden of Kristina and Karl X 1648-60</a><br> <a href="12-11-Scandinavia.html#a5">Sweden of Karl XI 1660-97</a><br> <a href="12-11-Scandinavia.html#a6">Sweden of Karl XII and War 1697-1715</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html">Poland-Lithuania and Russia 1648-1715</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html#a1">Poland-Lithuania 1648-73</a><br> <a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html#a2">Poland-Lithuania of Jan Sobieski 1674-96</a><br> <a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html#a3">Poland-Lithuania of August II 1697-1715</a><br> <a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html#a4">Russia of Tsar Aleksei 1648-76</a><br> <a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html#a5">Russia of Fyodor III and Sophia 1676-89</a><br> <a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html#a6">Russia and Tsar Petr 1689-1700</a><br> <a href="12-12-Poland-LithuaniaandRussia.html#a7">Russia and Tsar Petr at War 1700-15</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-13-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of Europe 1648-1715</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="12-13-Summary.html#a1">Britain and Revolutions 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-13-Summary.html#a2">British Ideas and Culture 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-13-Summary.html#a3">France during the Reign of Louis XIV</a><br> <a href="12-13-Summary.html#a4">Southern Europe 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-13-Summary.html#a5">Germanic Empire 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-13-Summary.html#a6">Northern Europe 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-13-Summary.html#a7">Eastern Europe 1648-1715</a><br> <a href="12-13-Summary.html#a8">Evaluating Europe 1648-1715</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="12-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2><a id="a13" name="a13"></a>Volume 13: AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1744-1817</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html">South America 1744-1817</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a1">Brazil under Portugal 1744-88</a><br> <a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a2">Brazil’s Rise to Power 1788-1817<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a3">Rio de la Plata 1744-1810<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a4">Argentine Revolution 1810-17 <br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a5">Chile 1744-1817<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a6">Peru 1744-1817<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a7">New Granada 1744-1814<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a8">Bolivar in Venezuela 1808-11<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a9">Bolivar in Venezuela 1812-13<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a10">Bolivar and Revolution 1814-17<br> </a><a href="13-1a-SouthAmerica.html#a11">Guiana 1744-1817</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html">Mexico and the Caribbean 1744-1817</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a1">Mexico 1744-1809</a><br> <a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a2">Mexico’s Struggle for Independence 1810-17</a><br> <a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a3">North Mexico and Texas 1744-1817</a><br> <a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a4">California Missions 1768-1817</a><br> <a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a5">Central America 1744-1817</a><br> <a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a6">British and French West Indies 1744-1817</a><br> <a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a7">Cuba and Puerto Rico 1744-1817</a><br> <a href="13-1b-MexicoandCaribbean.html#a8">Haiti’s Slave Revolution</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-2-English-French1744-54.html">English and French Conflict in America 1744-54</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-2-English-French1744-54.html#1">New France and New England 1744-54</a><br> <a href="13-2-English-French1744-54.html#2">New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania 1744-54</a><br> <a href="13-2-English-French1744-54.html#3"> Franklin in Pennsylvania 1744-54</a><br> <a href="13-2-English-French1744-54.html#4">Virginia, Ohio, and Maryland 1744-54</a><br> <a href="13-2-English-French1744-54.html#5">Carolinas and Georgia 1744-54</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html">English, French, and Indian Wars 1754-63</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#1">English-French War in America 1754-57<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#2">English Defeat of New France 1758-60<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#3">New York and New Jersey 1754-63<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#a10">Pennsylvania and War 1754-63<br> Franklin and Pennsylvania 1757-64<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#5">Maryland and Virginia 1754-63<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#6">Carolinas and the Cherokees 1754-63<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#7">Georgia and the Creeks 1754-63<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#8">New England and British Canada 1760-63<br> </a><a href="13-3-AngloFrenchWar1754-63.html#9">Pontiac's Uprising of 1763</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-4-AmericanResistance1763-75.html">American Resistance to British Taxes 1763-75</a></h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-4-AmericanResistance1763-75.html#a1">Peace Treaty and Sugar Tax 1763-65</a><br> <a href="13-4-AmericanResistance1763-75.html#a2">Stamp Act Crisis 1765-66</a><br> <a href="13-4-AmericanResistance1763-75.html#a3">Townshend Acts 1767-70</a><br> <a href="13-4-AmericanResistance1763-75.html#a4">Tea Tax Resistance 1770-74</a><br> <a href="13-4-AmericanResistance1763-75.html#a5">Continental Congress 1774-75</a><br> <a href="13-4-AmericanResistance1763-75.html#a6">Western Frontier 1763-75</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html">American War of Independence</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a1">British War in Massachusetts 1775</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a2">Congress and the War 1775-76</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a3">Paine’s <i>Common Sense</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a4">American Declaration of Independence</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a5">British War in America 1776</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a6">British War in America 1777</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a7">British War in America 1778-79</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a8">British War in America 1780-81</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a9">American Peacemaking 1782-83</a><br> <a href="13-5-WarofIndependence.html#a10">Frontier during the Revolutionary War</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-6-Confederation.html">Confederation and a Constitution 1784-89</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-6-Confederation.html#a1">United States Confederation 1784-85</a><br> <a href="13-6-Confederation.html#a2">United States Confederation in 1786</a><br> <a href="13-6-Confederation.html#a3">Shays’s Rebellion and Congress 1786-87</a><br> <a href="13-6-Confederation.html#a4">Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia</a><br> <a href="13-6-Confederation.html#a5">Ratification and the Federalists</a><br> <a href="13-6-Confederation.html#a6">Transition and the Bill of Rights</a><br> <a href="13-6-Confederation.html#a7">American Frontier 1784-89</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html">Federalist United States 1789-1801</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a1">America’s New Government 1789-90</a><br> <a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a2">Washington and Hamilton’s Bank 1791-92</a><br> <a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a3">America and the French Revolution 1793-94</a><br> <a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a4">Whiskey Rebellion</a><br> <a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a5">Washington and Peace 1795-96</a><br> <a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a6">Adams and the Quasi-War 1797-98</a><br> <a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a7">Adams and the Election 1799-1801</a><br> <a href="13-7-FederalistUnitedStates.html#a8">American Frontier 1789-1801</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-8-Jefferson.html">Jeffersonian Democracy 1801-1809</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-8-Jefferson.html#a1">Jefferson’s Revolution Begins 1801-02</a><br> <a href="13-8-Jefferson.html#a2">America’s Naval War in North Africa</a><br> <a href="13-8-Jefferson.html#a3">Louisiana Purchase and Exploration</a><br> <a href="13-8-Jefferson.html#a4">Jefferson Administration 1803-05</a><br> <a href="13-8-Jefferson.html#a5">Jefferson’s Second Term Begins 1805-06</a><br> <a href="13-8-Jefferson.html#a6">Burr Conspiracy and Trial </a><br> <a href="13-8-Jefferson.html#a7">Jefferson and the Embargo 1807-09</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-9-Madison.html">Madison and the War of 1812</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-9-Madison.html#a1">Madison Administration 1809-10</a><br> <a href="13-9-Madison.html#a2">Madison Administration 1811 to June 1812</a><br> <a href="13-9-Madison.html#a3">American-British War 1812-13</a><br> <a href="13-9-Madison.html#a4">American-British War 1814-15</a><br> <a href="13-9-Madison.html#a5">Madison Administration 1815-1817</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-10-Canada.html">Canada under the British 1763-1817</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-10-Canada.html#a1">British Canada during Revolution 1763-83<br> </a><a href="13-10-Canada.html#a2">British North America 1783-1812</a><br> <a href="13-10-Canada.html#a3">Canada in War and Peace 1812-17</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-11-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of American Revolutions 1744-1817</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="13-11-Summary.html#a1">Latin America 1744-1817</a><a href="13-11-Summary.html#a2"> <br> English-French Conflict in America1744-63</a> <br> <a href="13-11-Summary.html#a3">American Revolution 1763-1783</a> <br> <a href="13-11-Summary.html#a4">American Constitution and Federalists 1783-1801</a> <br> <a href="13-11-Summary.html#a5">Jefferson’s Republic and Madison’s War 1801-17</a> <br> <a href="13-11-Summary.html#a6">Evaluating American Revolutions 1744-1817</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="13-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h3><a name="a14"></a>Volume 14: EUROPE & REASON 1715-1788 </h3>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html">Britain of Georges I-III 1714-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a1">Britain of George I 1714-27</a><br> <a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a2">Britain of George II and Walpole 1727-44</a><br> <a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a3">Britain and French Wars 1744-60</a><br> <a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a4">Britain of George III 1760-67</a><br> <a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a5">Britain and the American Crisis 1768-75</a><br> <a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a6">Britain and the American War 1775-82</a><br> <a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a7">Britain and the Younger Pitt 1782-88</a><br> <a href="14-1-Britain1714-88.html#a8">Ireland 1714-89</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html">Wesley, Hume, Johnson, Smith & Pope</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html#a1">John Wesley and Methodism</a><br> <a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html#a2">Law, Hutcheson, Butler, and Richard Price</a><br> <a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html#a3">Hume’s Moral Principles</a><br> <a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html#a4">Samuel Johnson to 1749</a><br> <a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html#a5">Johnson’s Essays, Dictionary and <em>Rasselas</em></a><br> <a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html#a6">Adam Smith on Morals and Wealth</a><br> <a href="14-2-Wesley,Hume.html#a7">Alexander Pope and His <em>Essay on Man</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html">British Novels and Plays 1715-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a1">Defoe’s Journalism and <em>Robinson Crusoe</em></a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a2">Defoe’s <em>Cavalier</em> & <em>Captain Singleton</em></a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a3">Defoe’s <em>Moll Flanders</em>, <em>Col. Jack</em> & <em>Roxana</em></a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a4">Swift’s <em>Gulliver’s Travels</em></a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a5">Richardson’s <em>Pamela</em>, <em>Clarissa</em> & <em>Charles</em></a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a6">Fielding’s Early Novels</a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a7">Fielding’s <em>Tom Jones</em> and <em>Amelia</em></a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a8">Smollett’s Comic Novels</a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a9">Goldsmith, Mackenzie & Burney</a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a10">Plays by Steele, Gay and Lillo</a><br> <a href="14-3-BritishNovels.html#a11">Comedies by Goldsmith and Sheridan</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-4-France1715-88.html">France of Louis XV and XVI</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-4-France1715-88.html#a1">France under Regent Philippe 1715-23</a><br> <a href="14-4-France1715-88.html#a2">France and Cardinal Fleury 1723-42</a><br> <a href="14-4-France1715-88.html#a3">Louis XV and Wars 1743-63</a><br> <a href="14-4-France1715-88.html#a4">France under Louis XV 1763-74</a><br> <a href="14-4-France1715-88.html#a5">Louis XVI and the British War 1774-83</a><br> <a href="14-4-France1715-88.html#a6">France under Louis XVI 1783-86</a><br> <a href="14-4-France1715-88.html#a7">France on the Brink 1787-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html">Montesquieu, Voltaire & Rousseau</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a1">Montesquieu and <em>The Spirit of the Laws</em></a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a2">Voltaire to 1747</a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a3">Voltaire’s <em>Zadig</em>, <em>Candide</em> and <em>Socrates</em></a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a4">Voltaire in Exile 1760-78</a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a5">Rousseau to 1754</a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a6">Rousseau on Inequality and Political Economy</a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a7">Rousseau’s Peace Plan</a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a8">Rousseau’s Novel <em>Julie</em> and <em>Emile (on Education)</em></a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a9">Rousseau’s <em>Social Contract</em></a><br> <a href="14-5-Voltaire,Rousseau.html#a10">Diderot’s and D’Alembert’s <em>Encyclopédie</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html">French Literature and Theatre 1715-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html#a1">Diderot’s Philosophical Novels</a><br> <a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html#a2">Prévost and <em>Manon Lescaut</em></a><br> <a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html#a3">Laclos: Soldier, Novelist & Feminist</a><br> <a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html#a4">Bernardin de Saint-Pierre’s <em>Paul and Virginia</em></a><br> <a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html#a5">Le Sage’s Novels and His Comedy <em>Turcaret</em></a><br> <a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html#a6">Marivaux’s Romantic Comedies</a><br> <a href="14-6-FrenchNovels.html#a7">Beaumarchais and His Figaro Comedies</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html">Spain, Portugal & Italy 1715-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a1">Spain of Felipe V and Fernando VI 1715-59</a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a2">Spain under Carlos III 1759-88</a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a3">Portugal 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a4">Sicily 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a5">Naples and Vico’s <em>New Science</em></a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a6">Clement XI-XIV, Benedict XIII-XIV & Pius VI</a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a7">Decline of Tuscany and Lombardy</a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a8">Beccaria’s <em>On Crimes and Punishments</em></a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a9">Venice 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-7-Spain,Portugal,Italy.html#a10">Goldoni’s Comedies</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html">Austrian Empire and German States 1715-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a1">Austrian Empire and Wars 1715-48</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a2">Austrian Empire of Maria Theresa 1748-80</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a3">Austrian Empire of Joseph II’s Reforms 1780-88</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a4">Swiss Confederation 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a5">Vattel on International Law</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a6">Pestalozzi’s Early Ideas on Education</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a7">Germans 1713-40 and Wolff on Law</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a8">Germany, Friedrich II and Wars 1740-63</a><br> <a href="14-8-Austria,Germany.html#a9">German States and Friedrich’s Prussia 1763-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html">Lessing, Kant, Goethe and Schiller</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a1">Mendelssohn’s Jewish Enlightenment<br> </a><a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a2">Lessing and His Philosophy </a><br> <a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a3">Lessing’s Plays</a><br> <a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a4">Kant’s Moral Philosophy</a><br> <a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a5">Lichtenberg’s <em>Aphorisms</em> and Herder’s <em>Ideas</em></a><br> <a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a6">Goethe’s Life to 1788 and <em>Young Werther</em></a><br> <a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a7">Goethe’s Early Plays</a><br> <a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a8">Schiller’s <em>Robbers</em> and <em>Fiesco</em></a><br> <a href="14-9-Lessing,Kant.html#a9">Schiller’s <em>Intrigue and Love</em> and <em>Don Carlos</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html">Netherlands and Scandinavia 1715-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html#a1">Austrian Netherlands 1713-88</a><br> <a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html#a2">Netherlands and Stadholder Willem IV 1715-51</a><br> <a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html#a3">Netherlands and the Patriots 1751-88</a><br> <a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html#a4">Denmark 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html#a5">Norway and Iceland under Denmark 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html#a6">Sweden 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-10-Netherlands,Scandinavia1715-88.html#a7">Swedenborg and His Mystical Theology</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-11-Poland-Lithuania,Russia1715-88.html">Poland-Lithuania and Russia 1715-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-11-Poland-Lithuania,Russia1715-88.html#a1">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-11-Poland-Lithuania,Russia1715-88.html#a2">Ukraine 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-11-Poland-Lithuania,Russia1715-88.html#a3">Russia of Petr 1715-25</a><br> <a href="14-11-Poland-Lithuania,Russia1715-88.html#a4">Russian Empire 1725-62</a><br> <a href="14-11-Poland-Lithuania,Russia1715-88.html#a5">Russia under Ekaterina II 1762-70</a><br> <a href="14-11-Poland-Lithuania,Russia1715-88.html#a6">Russia under Ekaterina II 1770-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-12-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluating Europe 1715-88</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="14-12-Summary.html#a1">Britain’s Imperial Wars & Industrial Progress 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a2">British Enlightenment</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a3">British Novels and Plays 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a4">France of Louis XV and XVI</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a5">French Enlightenment</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a6">Southern Europe 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a7">Austrian Empire and Prussian Militarism 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a8">German Enlightenment</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a9">Northern Europe 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a10">Eastern Europe 1715-88</a><br> <a href="14-12-Summary.html#a11">Evaluating Europe 1715-88</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="14-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2><a name="a15"></a>Volume 15: EUROPE & REVOLUTION 1789-1830</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html">France’s Revolution 1789-95</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a1">French Revolution in 1789</a><br> <a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a2">Declaration of Rights</a><br> <a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a3">French Revolution 1790-91</a><br> <a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a4">French Revolution and War in 1792</a><br> <a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a5">French Revolution January-September 1793</a><br> <a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a6">French Terror October 1793 to July 1794</a><br> <a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a7">French White Terror and a Directorate 1794-95</a><br> <a href="15-1-FrenchRevolution.html#a8">Condorcet’s Philosophy and Babeuf’s Equality</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html">France & Napoleon’s Rise & Fall 1796-1815</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a1">French Directorate and Napoleon 1796-97</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a2">France’s Second Directorate 1797-98</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a3">Fall of France’s Directorate in 1799</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a4">France under Consul Napoleon 1800-1804</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a5">France’s Napoleonic Empire at War 1805-07</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a6">France’s Napoleonic Empire at War 1808-10</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a7">Napoleon’s Empire and Russia 1811-12</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a8">France and Napoleon’s Decline in 1813</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a9">France and Napoleon’s Decline 1814-15</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a10">Germaine de Staël</a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a11">Madame de Staël’s novels <em>Delphine</em> and <em>Corinne</em></a><br> <a href="15-2-FranceNapoleonRise&Fall.html#a12">Germaine de Staël’s Later Years</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-3-France1814-30.html">France of Louis XVIII & Charles X 1814-30</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-3-France1814-30.html#a1">France of Louis XVIII 1814-24</a><br> <a href="15-3-France1814-30.html#a2">France of Charles X 1824-29</a><br> <a href="15-3-France1814-30.html#a3">France’s Revolution of 1830</a><br> <a href="15-3-France1814-30.html#a4">Socialism of Saint-Simon<br> </a><a href="15-3-France1814-30.html#a5">Fourier’s Social Harmony</a><br> <a href="15-3-France1814-30.html#a6">Constant’s Liberalism and <em>Adolphe</em></a><br> <a href="15-3-France1814-30.html#a7">Chateaubriand’s Romanticism</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html">Britain’s Reaction to France 1789-1799</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a1">Britain Debating Revolution 1789-92</a><br> <a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a2">Paine and <em>The Rights of Man</em></a><br> <a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a3">Paine’s <em>Age of Reason</em></a><br> <a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a4">Wollstonecraft on the Rights of Women</a><br> <a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a5">Godwin on Political Justice</a><br> <a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a6">Britain at War Against France 1793-95</a><br> <a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a7">Britain at War Against France 1796-99</a><br> <a href="15-4-Britain1789-99.html#a8">Ireland’s Rebellion in 1798 and Union</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html">Britain: War and Recovery 1800-30</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a1">Britain and War 1800-05</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a2">Britain and War 1806-10</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a3">Britain and War 1811-15</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a4">Bentham’s Utilitarian Ethics</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a5">Malthus, Ricardo and James Mill</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a6">Ireland and Scotland 1800-30</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a7">Britain under the Tories 1815-19</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a8">Britain under the Tories 1820-30</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a9">Owen’s Economic Reforms</a><br> <a href="15-5-Britain1800-30.html#a10">Thompson and Owenism</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html">Romantic Era of English Literature 1789-1830</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a1">Burns’ Poetry of Scotland</a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a2">Blake’s Visionary Poetry</a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a3">Coleridge’s Spiritual Writing</a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a4">Byron the Romantic Poet to 1816</a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a5">Byron in Exile and His <em>Manfred</em></a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a6">Byron’s <em>Cain</em> and <em>Don Juan</em></a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a7">Shelley the Radical</a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a7">Shelley’s <em>Prometheus Unbound</em> and Later Work</a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a9">Austen’s Realistic Novels</a><br> <a href="15-6-EnglishLiterature.html#a10">Scott’s Historical Novels</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html">Germans, Austria & Swiss 1789-1830</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a1">Prussia and Germans at War 1792-1815</a><br> <a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a2">Prussia and German States 1815-30</a><br> <a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a3">Austrian Empire during Revolution 1789-99</a><br> <a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a4">Austria and Napoleonic War 1800-14<br> </a><a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a5">Austria and Metternich’s Diplomacy 1814-18</a><br> <a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a6">Austria and Metternich’s Diplomacy 1819-30</a><br> <a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a7">Hungary under Imperial Austria</a><br> <a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a8">Swiss Cantons during the Revolution 1789-99</a><br> <a href="15-7-GermansAustriansSwiss.html#a9">Swiss Cantons in Wars and After 1800-30</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html">German Idealists and Romantics 1789-1830</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a1">Kant on Morals and Peace</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a2">Fichte’s Political Idealism</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a3">Fröbel and Herbart on Education</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a4">Hegel’s Dialectical Idealism</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a5">Schiller on Aesthetics and Ethics</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a6">Schiller’s <em>Wallenstein</em> and <em>Mary Stuart</em></a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a7">Schiller’s <em>Maid of Orleans</em> and <em>Wilhelm Tell</em></a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a8">Kleist’s Plays</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a9">Novalis</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a10">Goethe’s <em>Torquato Tasso<br> </em></a><a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a11">Goethe’s Later Novels</a><br> <a href="15-8-GermanIdealistsRomantics.html#a12">Goethe’s <em>Faust</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html">Spain, Portugal and Italy 1789-1830</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a1">Spain’s Decline and Wars 1789-1807</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a2">Spain’s War of Independence 1808-14</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a3">Spain under Fernando VII 1814-30</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a4">Portugal and War 1789-1815</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a5">Portugal 1816-30</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a6">Italy and the French Invasion 1789-99</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a7">Northern Italy under Napoleon 1800-14</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a8">Southern Italy under Napoleon 1800-14</a><br> <a href="15-9-SpainPortugalItaly.html#a9">Italy’s Restoration 1815-30</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html">Netherlands and Scandinavia 1789-1830</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a1">Netherlands and Revolution 1789-99</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a2">Netherlands under the French 1800-14</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a3">Netherlands United under Willem 1814-30</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a4">Denmark-Norway’s Reforms & War 1789-1814</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a5">Norway’s Union with Sweden 1814-30</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a6">Sweden and Reforms 1789-1808</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a7">Sweden and Norway 1809-30</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a8">Finland</a><br> <a href="15-10-NetherlandsScandinavia.html#a9">Iceland</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-11-PolandRussiaGreeks.html">Poland, Russia & Greek Revolution 1789-1830</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-11-PolandRussiaGreeks.html#a1">Poland Liberated & Invaded 1788-97</a><br> <a href="15-11-PolandRussiaGreeks.html#a2">Poland Divided 1798-1830</a><br> <a href="15-11-PolandRussiaGreeks.html#a3">Russian Empire 1789-1801</a><br> <a href="15-11-PolandRussiaGreeks.html#a4">Russia under Aleksandr 1801-14</a><br> <a href="15-11-PolandRussiaGreeks.html#a5">Russia of Aleksandr & Nikolay 1815-30</a><br> <a href="15-11-PolandRussiaGreeks.html#a6">Greek War of Independence</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-12-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluating Europe 1789-1830</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="15-12-Summary.html#a1">French Revolution 1789-95</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a2">France and Napoleon’s Wars 1796-1815</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a3">France’s Monarchical Restoration 1815-30</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a4">Britain during Revolution 1789-99</a> <br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a5">Britain during War and After 1800-30</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a6">Romantic English Literature</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a7">Germans and Central Europe 1789-1830</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a8">German Idealism and Romanticism</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a9">Southern Europe 1789-1830</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a10">Northern Europe 1789-1830</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a11">Eastern Europe 1789-1830</a><br> <a href="15-12-Summary.html#a12">Evaluating Europe 1789-1830</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="15-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2 align="left"><a id="a16" name="a16"></a>Volume 16: MIDEAST & AFRICA 1700-1950</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-1-OttomanEmpire1600-1907.html">Ottoman Empire 1700-1907</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-1-OttomanEmpire1600-1907.html">Ottoman Empire 1700-1826</a><br> <a href="16-1-OttomanEmpire1600-1907.html#a5">Ottoman Reforms 1826-53<br> </a><a href="16-1-OttomanEmpire1600-1907.html#a6">Ottoman Reforms 1853-75</a><br> <a href="16-1-OttomanEmpire1600-1907.html#a3">Ottoman Empire under Abdulhamid 1876-1908<br> </a><a href="16-1-OttomanEmpire1600-1907.html#a7">Young Turks and Armenians 1889-1907</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html">Ottoman Fall and Turkey 1908-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a3">Revolution by Young Turks 1908-11</a><br> <a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a4">Ottoman War Losses 1911-15</a><br> <a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a5">Armenian Genocide and the War 1915-18</a><br> <a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a6">Ottoman and Turkish Split 1919-20</a><br> <a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a7">Turkish War of Independence 1920-23</a><br> <a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a8">Turkey Republic under Ataturk 1923-38</a><br> <a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a9">Turkey Republic under Inonü 1938-50<br> </a><a href="16-2-OttomanFall%26Turkey.html#a10">Halide Edib, Karaosmanoglu, and Güntekin</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html">Persia (Iran) and Afghanistan 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a2">Persia of Nadir and Zands 1726-94</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a3">Persia under Qajars 1794-1876</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a4">Persia under Qajars 1876-1905</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a5">Iran and its Constitution 1905-25</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a6">Iran under Reza Pahlavi 1925-41</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a7">Iran and Its Allies 1941-50</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a8">Bábis and Bahá’u’lláh</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a9">‘Abdu’l-Bahá</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a10">Afghanistan 1880-1919</a><br> <a href="16-3-IranAfghanistan.html#a11">Afghanistan Independent 1919-50</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html">Arabia, Yemen, and Iraq 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html#a1">Wahhabis and Saudi Arabia 1744-1810</a><br> <a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html#a2">Arabia 1810-1906</a><br> <a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html#a3">Arabia 1907-21</a><br> <a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html#a4">Saudi Arabia 1922-50</a><br> <a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html#a5">Yemen and the Persian Gulf 1741-1950</a><br> <a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html#a6">Iraq 1700-1930</a><br> <a href="16-4-Arabia,Iraq.html#a7">Iraq 1931-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html">Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html#a1">Syria and Lebanon 1700-1920</a><br> <a href="16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html#a2">Syria under the French 1920-26</a><br> <a href="16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html#a3">Syria under the French 1927-39</a><br> <a href="16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html#a4">Syria and Lebanon 1940-50</a><br> <a href="16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html#a5">Gibran and <i>The Prophet</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html#a6">Trans-Jordan 1917-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-6-PalestineandZionism.html">Palestine and Zionism 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-6-PalestineandZionism.html#a1">Palestine 1700-1922</a><br> <a href="16-6-PalestineandZionism.html#a2">Zionism and Herzl 1839-1904</a><br> <a href="16-6-PalestineandZionism.html#a3">Zionism 1905-20</a><br> <a href="16-6-PalestineandZionism.html#a4">Palestine under the British 1920-39</a><br> <a href="16-6-PalestineandZionism.html#a5">Palestine under the British 1939-47</a><br> <a href="16-6-PalestineandZionism.html#a6">Israel and War 1948-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-7-Egypt,Sudan,Libya.html">Egypt, Sudan, and Libya 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-7-Egypt,Sudan,Libya.html#a1">Egypt under the Ottomans 1700-1805</a><br> <a href="16-7-Egypt,Sudan,Libya.html#a2">Egypt of Muhammad ‘Ali 1805-48</a><br> <a href="16-7-Egypt,Sudan,Libya.html#a3">Egypt and the British 1848-1921</a><br> <a href="16-7-Egypt,Sudan,Libya.html#a4">Egypt and the British 1922-50</a><br> <a href="16-7-Egypt,Sudan,Libya.html#a5">Sudan 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-7-Egypt,Sudan,Libya.html#a6">Tripoli and Libya 1700-1950</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html">Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a1">Algeria in the Ottoman Empire 1700-1830</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a2">Algeria under the French 1830-1919</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a3">Algeria under the French 1919-50</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a4">Tunisia under the Ottoman Empire 1700-1881</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a5">Tunisia under the French 1881-1950</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a6">Morocco 1700-1873</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a7">Morocco 1873-1911</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a8">Morocco under France and Spain 1912-39</a><br> <a href="16-8-Algeria,Tunisia,Morocco.html#a9">Morocco under France and Spain 1939-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html">West Africa and the French 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html#a1">West Africa and Slavery 1700-1800</a><br> <a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html#a2">Bornu and Hausaland 1700-1900</a><br> <a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html#a4">Segu 1700-1787</a><br> <a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html#a5">Futa Jallon and Tukulor 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html#a6">Guinea and Ivory Coast 1849-1916</a><br> <a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html#a7">Dahomey, Togo and Cameroun 1700-1918</a><br> <a href="16-9-WestAfricaFrench.html#a8">French West Africa 1900-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html">West Africa and the British 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a1">Gold Coast and Slavery 1700-1807</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a2">Asante and the British 1700-1867</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a3">Asante and the British 1867-1901</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a4">Gold Coast Colony 1901-50</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a5">Oyo and Nigeria 1700-1888</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a6">Nigeria 1888-1950</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a7">Gambia 1588-1950</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a8">Sierra Leone 1787-1950</a><br> <a href="16-10-WestAfricaBritish.html#a9">Liberia 1816-1950</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-11-Ethiopia,Somaliland.html">Ethiopia and Somaliland 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-11-Ethiopia,Somaliland.html#a1">Ethiopia and Somalia 1700-1868</a><br> <a href="16-11-Ethiopia,Somaliland.html#a2">Ethiopia and Menelik II 1868-1913</a><br> <a href="16-11-Ethiopia,Somaliland.html#a3">Ethiopia and Haile Selassie 1913-1950</a><br> <a href="16-11-Ethiopia,Somaliland.html#a4">Somaliland and Eritrea 1869-1950</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html">East Africa 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a1">East Africa, Arabs, and Europeans 1700-1856</a><br> <a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a2">East Africa and the British 1856-1918</a><br> <a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a3">Kenya 1918-50</a><br> <a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a4">Africa’s Lakes Region 1700-1875</a><br> <a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a5">Buganda and the British 1875-94</a><br> <a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a6">Uganda and the British 1894-1950</a><br> <a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a7">East Africa and the Germans 1884-1918</a><br> <a href="16-12-EastAfrica.html#a8">Tanganyika and the British 1918-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html">Congo, Angola, and Mozambique 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a1">Kongo, Angola, and the Portuguese 1700-1875</a><br> <a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a2">Stanley, Leopold, and the Congo 1875-1908</a><br> <a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a3">French Congo and Equatorial Africa 1839-1950</a><br> <a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a4">Belgian Congo and Rwanda 1908-50</a><br> <a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a5">Angola under the Portuguese 1875-1950</a><br> <a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a6">Mozambique 1700-1884</a><br> <a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a7">Mozambique under Portugal 1884-1950</a><br> <a href="16-13-Congo,Angola,Mozambique.html#a8">Madagascar 1700-1950</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html">Southern Africa 1700-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a1">Southern Africa and the Dutch 1700-1800</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a2">South West Africa 1806-1950</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a3">Southern Africa and Rhodes 1835-1902</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a4">Rhodesia 1901-50</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a5">Zulus and Sotho 1800-75</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a6">British and Boers in South Africa 1800-42</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a7">British and Boers in South Africa 1842-75</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a8">South Africa and Imperial Wars 1875-1902</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a9">Gandhi in South Africa</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a10">South Africa and Segregation 1902-50</a><br> <a href="16-14-SouthernAfrica.html#a11">ANC and Dissent in South Africa 1912-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a1">Ottoman Empire and Turkey 1700-1950 </a><br> <a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a2">Persia, Arabia, and Iraq 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a3">Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a4">North Africa 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a5">West Africa 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a6">East Africa 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a7">Southern Africa 1700-1950</a><br> <a href="16-15-Mideast%26Africa1700-1950Summary.html#a8">Evaluating the Mideast and Africa 1700-1950</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="16-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2 align="center"><a name="a17"></a>Volume 17: American Democracy & Slavery 1817-1844</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-1-Brazil,Argentina,Chile.html">Brazil, Argentina & Chile 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-1-Brazil,Argentina,Chile.html#a1">Brazil’s Revolution 1817-22</a><br> <a href="17-1-Brazil,Argentina,Chile.html#a2">Brazil’s Independence 1823-44</a><br> <a href="17-1-Brazil,Argentina,Chile.html#a3">Argentine Revolution 1817-44</a><br> <a href="17-1-Brazil,Argentina,Chile.html#a4">Paraguay 1817-44</a><br> <a href="17-1-Brazil,Argentina,Chile.html#a5">Chilean Revolution 1817-44</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html">Venezuela, Colombia & Peru 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a1">Bolívar and Venezuela 1817-23</a><br> <a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a2">Bolívar and Colombia 1817-25</a><br> <a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a3">Peru’s Revolution and Bolívar 1819-25</a><br> <a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a4">Bolívar and Northern Conflicts 1826-30</a><br> <a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a5">Peru 1828-44</a><br> <a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a6">Venezuela & New Granada (Colombia) 1830-44</a><br> <a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a7">Bolivia and Ecuador 1829-44</a><br> <a href="17-2-Venezuela,Colombia,Chile.html#a8">British Guiana 1817-44</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-3-Caribbean,CentralAmerica.html">Caribbean & Central America 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-3-Caribbean,CentralAmerica.html#a1">Haiti, Santo Domingo & West Indies</a><br> <a href="17-3-Caribbean,CentralAmerica.html#a2">Puerto Rico and Cuba</a><br> <a href="17-3-Caribbean,CentralAmerica.html#a3">Central America & Confederation 1817-34</a><br> <a href="17-3-Caribbean,CentralAmerica.html#a4">Central America 1835-44</a><br> <a href="17-3-Caribbean,CentralAmerica.html#a5">Panama</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-4-Mexico,Democracy1817-44.html">Mexico and Democracy 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-4-Mexico,Democracy1817-44.html#a1">Mexican Independence & Iturbide 1817-23</a><br> <a href="17-4-Mexico,Democracy1817-44.html#a2">Mexico of Victoria and Guerrero 1823-31</a><br> <a href="17-4-Mexico,Democracy1817-44.html#a3">Mexico and Santa Anna 1832-44</a><br> <a href="17-4-Mexico,Democracy1817-44.html#a4">Mexican California</a><br> <a href="17-4-Mexico,Democracy1817-44.html#a5">New Mexico</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a10">Texas Revolution in Mexico 1817-36</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html">US Era of Monroe & J. Q. Adams 1817-29</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html#a1">Monroe Era of Good Feeling 1817-18</a><br> <a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html#a2">US Banking Crisis and Depression 1818-19</a><br> <a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html#a3">Missouri-Maine Compromise 1819-21</a><br> <a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html#a4">Monroe’s Foreign Policy 1822-23</a><br> <a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html#a5">United States Elections in 1824</a><br> <a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html#a6">United States under John Q. Adams 1825-27</a><br> <a href="17-5-Monroe,Adams1817-29.html#a7">United States Elections in 1828</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html">Native Tribes, Removal & the West</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a1">Jackson, Creeks & Seminoles in Florida 1817-21</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a2">Cherokees and Laws 1817-29</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a3">Evarts & Opposition to Cherokee Removal</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a4">Cherokees & Removal West 1830-43</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a5">Choctaws and Chickasaws</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a6">Creeks and Removal West 1825-44</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a7">Black Hawk War</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a8">Seminole Wars</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a9">Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho & Kiowa</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a10">Texas Revolution in Mexico 1817-36</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a11">Texas Republic 1836-44</a><br> <a href="17-6-TribesRemovalWest.html#a12">Americans in New Mexico & Oregon</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html">Jacksonian Democracy 1829-37</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html#a1">Jackson’s Democratic Presidency in 1829</a><br> <a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html#a2">Jacksonian Democracy 1830-31</a><br> <a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html#a3">Jackson and the US Bank</a><br> <a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html#a4">Jackson, Tariff & Nullification in 1832</a><br> <a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html#a5">Jacksonian Democracy & Whigs in 1833-34</a><br> <a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html#a6">Jacksonian Democrats & Whigs in 1835</a><br> <a href="17-7-JacksonianDemocracy.html#a7">Jacksonian Democracy in 1836-37</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html">US Depression, Van Buren & Tyler 1837-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a1">Van Buren and the Panic of 1837</a><br> <a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a2">Van Buren and Depression 1838-39</a><br> <a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a3">Elections in 1840 and Harrison</a><br> <a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a4">Whig Government and Tyler in 1841</a><br> <a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a5">Tyler Administration in 1842</a><br> <a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a6">Tyler Administration 1843-44</a><br> <a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a7">Umited States Elections in 1844</a><br> <a href="17-8-VanBurenTyler1837-44.html#a8">De Tocqueville’s <em>Democracy in America</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-9-Canada1817-44.html"><strong>Canada’s </strong>Struggle for Democracy 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="17-9-Canada1817-44.html#a1">Canada under British Rule 1817-29</a><br> <a href="17-9-Canada1817-44.html#a2">Canada and Mackenzie 1830-36</a><br> <a href="17-9-Canada1817-44.html#a3">Canadian Rebellion and Reforms 1837-39</a><br> <a href="17-9-Canada1817-44.html#a4">Canadian Union 1840-44</a><br> <a href="17-9-Canada1817-44.html#a5">Newfoundland, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html">Slavery and Abolitionists 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a1">Slavery Increases in the United States</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a2">Slave Revolts: Vesey, Turner, ships & Cuba</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a3">Frederick Douglass & Slave Narratives</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a4">Abolitionists Lundy & Walker 1817-29</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a5">Garrison and <em>The Liberator</em> 1829-32</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a6">American Anti-Slavery Society 1833-34</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a7">Militant Abolitionists 1835-36</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a8">Abolitionists, Peace & Women 1837-40</a><br> <a href="17-10-SlaveryAbolitionists1817-44.html#a9">Abolitionist Politics 1839-44</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html">Women Reforming America 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a1">Educating American Women</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a2">Catherine Beecher on Educating Women</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a3">Frances Wright and Free Inquiry</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a4">Dorothea Dix Helping the Insane</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a5">Lydia Maria Child to 1831</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a6">Lydia & David Child on Abolition 1832-44</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a7">Abolitionists Mott and Grimké</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a8">Margaret Fuller</a><br> <a href="17-11-WomenReformersUS1817-44.html#a9">Fuller and <em>The Dial</em></a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html">American Philosophy & Religion 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html#a1">American Peace Societies</a><br> <a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html#a2">Unitarians and Channing</a><br> <a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html#a3">New Harmony, Brook Farm & Hopedale</a><br> <a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html#a4">Bancroft on the Human Spirit</a><br> <a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html#a5">Joseph Smith and the <em>Book of Mormon</em></a><br> <a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html#a6">Joseph Smith and the Mormon Church 1830-38</a><br> <a href="17-12-USPhilosophyReligion1817-44.html#a7">Smith, Brigham Young and Mormons 1839-44</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html">Emerson’s Transcendentalism</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html#a1">Emerson’s Education and <em>Nature</em></a><br> <a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html#a2">Emerson’s Lectures and <em>The Dial</em></a><br> <a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html#a3">Emerson on War, Peace & Reform</a><br> <a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html#a4">Emerson on History & Self-Reliance</a><br> <a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html#a5">Emerson on Compensation & Spiritual Laws</a><br> <a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html#a6">Emerson on the Over-Soul, Circles & Art</a><br> <a href="17-13-EmersonTranscendentalism.html#a7">Emerson from 1841 to 1844</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="17-14-Irving,Cooper,Whittier.html">Literature of Irving, Cooper & Whittier</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="17-14-Irving,Cooper,Whittier.html#a1">Washington Irving’s Essays & Stories</a><br> <a href="17-14-Irving,Cooper,Whittier.html#a2">Washington Irving’s Stories & Histories</a><br> <a href="17-14-Irving,Cooper,Whittier.html#a3">James Fenimore Cooper & his Early Novels</a><br> <a href="17-14-Irving,Cooper,Whittier.html#a4">Cooper and His Writing 1827-38</a><br> <a href="17-14-Irving,Cooper,Whittier.html#a5">Cooper’s Novels 1839-44</a><br> <a href="17-14-Irving,Cooper,Whittier.html#a6">John Greenleaf Whittier</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="17-15-Summary.html">Summary & Evaluating America 1817-44</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="17-15-Summary.html#a1">South America 1817-44</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a2">Central America and Mexico 1817-44</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a3">United States 1817-1828</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a4">Jackson, Native Tribes & the West</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a5">Jacksonian Democracy</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a6">United States 1837-44 & Canada</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a7">Slavery and Reformers 1817-44</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a8">American Philosophy and Literature 1817-44</a><br> <a href="17-15-Summary.html#a9">Evaluating America 1817-44</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="17-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2 align="center"><a id="a" name="a19"></a>Volume 19: AMERICA & Civil Wars 1845-1865</h2>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html">South America 1845-65</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a1">Brazil</a><br> <a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a2">Argentina and Paraguay 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a3">Chile 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a4">Venezuela 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a5">New Granada (Colombia) 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a6">Bolivia 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a7">Ecuador 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-1-SouthAmerica1845-65.html#a8">Peru 1845-65</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-2-CentralAmerica1845-65.html">Caribbean & Central America 1845-65</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4 align="left"><a href="19-2-CentralAmerica1845-65.html#a1">Haiti and Santo Domingo 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-2-CentralAmerica1845-65.html#a2">Puerto Rico, Cuba & West Indies Colonies 1845-65<br> </a><a href="19-2-CentralAmerica1845-65.html#a3">El Salvador, Honduras & Union 1845-65 </a><br> <a href="19-2-CentralAmerica1845-65.html#a4">Costa Rica and Guatemala 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-2-CentralAmerica1845-65.html#a5">Nicaragua 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-2-CentralAmerica1845-65.html#a6">Panama 1845-65</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-3-Mexico1845-65.html">Mexico and Civil Wars 1845-65</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-3-Mexico1845-65.html#a1">Mexico and the American War 1845-48</a><br> <a href="19-3-Mexico1845-65.html#a2">Mexico and Santa Anna 1848-55</a><br> <a href="19-3-Mexico1845-65.html#a3">Mexico’s Reforms and Civil War 1856-60<br> </a><a href="19-3-Mexico1845-65.html#a4">Mexico’s Juárez and the French 1861-64</a><br> <a href="19-3-Mexico1845-65.html#a5">Mexico and Emperor Maximilian 1864-65</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-4-PolkUS-MexicanWar1845-49.html">Polk and the US-Mexican War 1845-49</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-4-PolkUS-MexicanWar1845-49.html#a1">Polk, Texas & Manifest Destiny in 1845</a><br> <a href="19-4-PolkUS-MexicanWar1845-49.html#a2">Polk Begins War Against Mexico in 1846</a><br> <a href="19-4-PolkUS-MexicanWar1845-49.html#a3">US Conquest of California & New Mexico 1846-49<br> </a><a href="19-4-PolkUS-MexicanWar1845-49.html#a4">Polk’s War Against Mexico in 1847<br> </a><a href="19-4-PolkUS-MexicanWar1845-49.html#a5">Mexican Cession and the 1848 US Election</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-5-USTaylorClayFillmore1849-52.html">US of Taylor, Clay & Fillmore 1849-52</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-5-USTaylorClayFillmore1849-52.html#a1">Whigs and Taylor in 1849</a><br> <a href="19-5-USTaylorClayFillmore1849-52.html#a2">Whigs and Taylor in 1850</a><br> <a href="19-5-USTaylorClayFillmore1849-52.html#a3">Fillmore & Clay’s Compromise of 1850</a><br> <a href="19-5-USTaylorClayFillmore1849-52.html#a4">United States Elections & Census of 1850</a><br> <a href="19-5-USTaylorClayFillmore1849-52.html#a5">Fillmore Maintains the Union 1851-53</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-6-USPierceKansas1853-56.html">US of Pierce & Kansas Conflicts 1853-56</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-6-USPierceKansas1853-56.html#a1">Pierce Administration in 1853</a><br> <a href="19-6-USPierceKansas1853-56.html#a2">Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854</a><br> <a href="19-6-USPierceKansas1853-56.html#a3">Kansas Conflict in 1855</a><br> <a href="19-6-USPierceKansas1853-56.html#a4">Kansas Conflict Resolved in 1856</a><br> <a href="19-6-USPierceKansas1853-56.html#a5">United States Politics & Elections of 1856</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html">US Western Expansion & Indians 1845-65</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html#a1">Native Tribes in the West 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html#a2">New Mexico Territory 1845-56</a><br> <a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html#a3">New Mexico, Colorado & Arizona 1858-65</a><br> <a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html#a4">California Gold Rush & Politics 1848-65</a><br> <a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html#a5">California Indian Killing</a><br> <a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html#a6">Mormons, Brigham Young & Utah</a><br> <a href="19-7-USWest&Indians1845-65.html#a7">Oregon & Washington Territory 1845-65</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html">Black Americans & Abolitionists 1845-65</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html#a1">Black Progress in the North 1845-53</a><br> <a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html#a2">Black Progress in the North 1853-60</a><br> <a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html#a3">Blacks During Slavery in the South 1845-60</a><br> <a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html#a4">Harriet Tubman and Solomon Northup</a><br> <a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html#a5">Sojourner Truth and Harriet Jacobs</a><br> <a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html#a6">Frederick Douglass 1845-55</a><br> <a href="19-8-BlackAmericansAbolitionists1845-65.html#a7">Frederick Douglass 1856-65</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-9-USBuchanan1857-59.html">United States & Buchanan 1857-59</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-9-USBuchanan1857-59.html#a1">Buchanan, Dred Scott & Panic in 1857</a><br> <a href="19-9-USBuchanan1857-59.html#a2">Kansas & Conflicts over Slavery 1857-58</a><br> <a href="19-9-USBuchanan1857-59.html#a3">Lincoln & the Douglas Debates<br> </a><a href="19-9-USBuchanan1857-59.html#a4">Buchanan and Elections in 1858</a><br> <a href="19-9-USBuchanan1857-59.html#a5">United States in 1859</a><br> <a href="19-9-USBuchanan1857-59.html#a6">John Brown’s Crusade Against Slavery</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-10-USDividing1860-61.html">United States Dividing 1860-61</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-10-USDividing1860-61.html#a1">United States in 1860</a><br> <a href="19-10-USDividing1860-61.html#a2">United States Elections in 1860</a><br> <a href="19-10-USDividing1860-61.html#a3">United States & Secession in Late 1860</a><br> <a href="19-10-USDividing1860-61.html#a4">United States & Secession in Early 1861</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html">Lincoln’s War for Union in 1861</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html#a1">Lincoln’s Inauguration March 1861</a><br> <a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html#a2">North & South War Begins in April 1861</a><br> <a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html#a3">Confederate Congress on April 29</a><br> <a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html#a4">North & South Mobilization in May 1861</a><br> <a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html#a5">US Civil War June-July 1861</a><br> <a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html#a6">US Civil War August-October 1861</a><br> <a href="19-11-LincolnWarforUnion1861.html#a7">US Civil War November-December 1861</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-12-LincolnWarforUnion1862.html">Lincoln’s War for Union in 1862</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-12-LincolnWarforUnion1862.html#a1">US Civil War January-February 1862</a><br> <a href="19-12-LincolnWarforUnion1862.html#a2">US Civil War March-May 1862</a><br> <a href="19-12-LincolnWarforUnion1862.html#a3">US Civil War June-July 1862</a><br> <a href="19-12-LincolnWarforUnion1862.html#a4">US Civil War August-October 1862</a><br> <a href="19-12-LincolnWarforUnion1862.html#a5">US Civil War November-December 1862</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-13-LincolnWarforEmancipation1863.html">Lincoln’s War for Emancipation in 1863</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-13-LincolnWarforEmancipation1863.html#a1">US Civil War January-February 1863</a><br> <a href="19-13-LincolnWarforEmancipation1863.html#a2">US Civil War March-April 1863</a><br> <a href="19-13-LincolnWarforEmancipation1863.html#a3">US Civil War May-July 1863</a><a href="19-13-LincolnWarforEmancipation1863.html#3"></a><br> <a href="19-13-LincolnWarforEmancipation1863.html#a4">US Civil War August-October 1863</a><br> <a href="19-13-LincolnWarforEmancipation1863.html#a5">US Civil War November-December 1863</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-14-LincolnWarforEmancipation1864.html">Lincoln’s War for Emancipation in 1864</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-14-LincolnWarforEmancipation1864.html#a1">US Civil War January-February 1864</a><br> <a href="19-14-LincolnWarforEmancipation1864.html#a2">US Civil War March-April 1864</a><br> <a href="19-14-LincolnWarforEmancipation1864.html#a3">US Civil War May-June 1864</a><br> <a href="19-14-LincolnWarforEmancipation1864.html#a4">US Civil War July-August 1864</a><br> <a href="19-14-LincolnWarforEmancipation1864.html#a5">US Civil War September-October 1864<br> </a><a href="19-14-LincolnWarforEmancipation1864.html#a6">US Civil War November-December 1864</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-15-UnitedStatesVictory1865.html">United States Victory in 1865</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-15-UnitedStatesVictory1865.html#a1">US Civil War January-February 1865</a><br> <a href="19-15-UnitedStatesVictory1865.html#a2">US Civil War March 1865</a><br> <a href="19-15-UnitedStatesVictory1865.html#a3">United States Victory in April-May 1865</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-16-Canada1845-65.html">Canada and British Provinces</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-16-Canada1845-65.html#a1">Canada West & East 1845-49</a><br> <a href="19-16-Canada1845-65.html#a2">Canada West & East 1850-56</a><br> <a href="19-16-Canada1845-65.html#a3">Canada West & East 1857-65</a><br> <a href="19-16-Canada1845-65.html#a4">British Provinces in North America</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html">US Peacemakers & Women Reformers 1845-65</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a1">American Peacemakers & Abolitionists</a><br> <a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a2">Burritt and Ballou on Peace</a><br> <a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a3">Thoreau’s <em>Walden</em> & “Civil Disobedience”</a><br> <a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a4">Emerson on War, Great Men & Conduct</a><br> <a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a5">Margaret Fuller’s <em>Woman in the 19th Century</em></a><br> <a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a6">Mrs. Stanton, Lucretia Mott & Lucy Stone</a><br> <a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a7">Susan B. Anthony</a><br> <a href="19-17-USPeacemakers&Reformers1845-65.html#a8">Lydia Child, Dorothea Dix & Oneida</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-18-AmericanLiterature1845-65.html">American Literature 1845-56</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-18-AmericanLiterature1845-65.html#a1">Lowell, Longfellow & Whitman</a><br> <a href="19-18-AmericanLiterature1845-65.html#a2">Stowe & <em>Uncle Tom’s Cabin</em></a><br> <a href="19-18-AmericanLiterature1845-65.html#a3">Hawthorne’s Novels</a><br> <a href="19-18-AmericanLiterature1845-65.html#a4">Melville’s Sea Novels</a><br> <a href="19-18-AmericanLiterature1845-65.html#a5">Melville’s Satirical Novels</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-19-PreventingUSCivilWar.html">Preventing United States Civil War</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-19-PreventingUSCivilWar.html#a1">How Lincoln Could Have Prevented Civil War</a><br> <a href="19-19-PreventingUSCivilWar.html#a2">US Civil War Atrocities</a><br> <a href="19-19-PreventingUSCivilWar.html#a3">How US History Might Have Been Better</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-20-Summary.html">Summary & Evaluating America 1845-1865</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="19-20-Summary.html#a1">South America 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a2">Central America 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a3">Mexico 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a4">United States & Mexican War 1845-1852</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a5">United States 1853-1859</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a6">US Western Expansion & Indian Tribes 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a7">United States Slavery & Division 1845-60</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a8">United States Civil War 1861-1862</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a9">United States Civil War 1863-1865</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a10">Canada 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a11">American Reformers & Literature 1845-65</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a12">What Could Have Prevented US Civil War?</a><br> <a href="19-20-Summary.html#a13">Evaluating America in 1845-65</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3 align="left"><a href="19-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></h3>
|
||
<h2 align="center"><a id="a20" name="a20"></a>Volume 20: SOUTH ASIA 1800-1950</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html">British India 1800-1848</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html#a2">British Conquest of the Marathas 1800-18</a><br> <a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html#a3">Sikhs and North India 1800-18</a><br> <a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html#a4">British Expansion 1818-28</a><br> <a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html#a5">Bentinck's Reforms 1828-35</a><br> <a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html#a6">Rammohun Roy and Social Reform</a><br> <a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html#a7">British Invasion of Afghanistan and Sind</a><br> <a href="20-1-BritishIndia1800-48.html#a8">Sikhs and the Punjab 1839-48</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-2-BritishIndiaWars1848-81.html">British India's Wars 1848-1881</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-2-BritishIndiaWars1848-81.html#a1">Dalhousie's Annexations 1848-56</a><br> <a href="20-2-BritishIndiaWars1848-81.html#a2">Mutiny and Revolt 1857-58</a><br> <a href="20-2-BritishIndiaWars1848-81.html#a3">Reconstruction of British India 1858-76</a><br> <a href="20-2-BritishIndiaWars1848-81.html#a4">Famine and a Second Afghan War 1876-81</a><br> <a href="20-2-BritishIndiaWars1848-81.html#a5">Bankim Chandra Chatterji's Novels</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-3-India1881-1905.html">India's Renaissance 1881-1905</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-3-India1881-1905.html#a1">Reforms in India 1881-99</a><br> <a href="20-3-India1881-1905.html#a2">Curzon's Viceroyalty 1899-1905</a><br> <a href="20-3-India1881-1905.html#a3">Ramakrishna and Vivekananda</a><br> <a href="20-3-India1881-1905.html#a4">Theosophy and Blavatsky 1875-88</a><br> <a href="20-3-India1881-1905.html#a5">Besant and Theosophy 1889-1905</a><br> <a href="20-3-India1881-1905.html#a6">Indian National Congress 1885-1905</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-4-India1905-18.html">India's Freedom Struggle 1905-1918</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-4-India1905-18.html#a1">India's Boycott 1905-07</a><br> <a href="20-4-India1905-18.html#a2">British Repression of India 1907-10</a><br> <a href="20-4-India1905-18.html#a3">India in an Imperial War 1911-18</a><br> <a href="20-4-India1905-18.html#a4">Besant, Krishnamurti, and Bhagavan Das</a><br> <a href="20-4-India1905-18.html#a5">Aurobindo's Spiritual Evolution</a><br> <a href="20-4-India1905-18.html#a6">Tagore's Spiritual Expressions</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-5-GandhiandIndia1919-33.html">Gandhi and India 1919-1933</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-5-GandhiandIndia1919-33.html#a1">Gandhi's Soul Force and Nonviolence</a><br> <a href="20-5-GandhiandIndia1919-33.html#a2">Gandhi's Nonviolent Campaigns 1919-22</a><br> <a href="20-5-GandhiandIndia1919-33.html#a3">India's Struggle 1922-29</a><br> <a href="20-5-GandhiandIndia1919-33.html#a4">Premchand's Realistic Fiction</a><br> <a href="20-5-GandhiandIndia1919-33.html#a5">Iqbal's Islamic Poetry</a><br> <a href="20-5-GandhiandIndia1919-33.html#a6">India's Civil Disobedience 1930-33</a><br> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-6-LiberatingIndia1934-50.html">Liberating India and Pakistan 1934-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-6-LiberatingIndia1934-50.html#a1">Indian Politics 1934-39</a><br> <a href="20-6-LiberatingIndia1934-50.html#a3">India during World War II</a><br> <a href="20-6-LiberatingIndia1934-50.html#a4">India Divided 1945-47</a><br> <a href="20-6-LiberatingIndia1934-50.html#a5">Indian Independence 1947-48</a><br> <a href="20-6-LiberatingIndia1934-50.html#a6">India and Pakistan 1948-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html">Tibet, Nepal, and Ceylon 1800-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a1">Tibet 1800-1905</a><br> <a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a2">Tibet 1905-33</a><br> <a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a3">Tibet 1934-50</a><br> <a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a4">Nepal 1800-77</a><br> <a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a5">Nepal 1877-1950</a><br> <a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a6">Ceylon 1800-75</a><br> <a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a7">Ceylon 1875-1931</a><br> <a href="20-7-TibetNepalCeylon1800-1950.html#a8">Ceylon 1931-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html">Burma, Malaya and the British 1800-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a1">Burma 1800-85</a><br> <a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a2">Burma under the British 1886-1929</a><br> <a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a3">Burma under the British 1930-41</a><br> <a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a4">Burma Invaded 1942-45</a><br> <a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a5">Burma Liberated 1945-50</a><br> <a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a6">Malaya and the British 1800-96</a><br> <a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a7">Malaya and the British 1896-1941</a><br> <a href="20-8-BurmaMalaya1800-1950.html#a8">Malaya Invaded and in Conflict 1941-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html">Siam, Cambodia, and Laos 1800-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a1">Siam's Monarchy 1800-1910</a><br> <a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a2">Siam's Monarchy 1910-32</a><br> <a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a3">Siam Becomes Thailand 1932-39</a><br> <a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a4">Thailand 1940-50</a><br> <a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a5">Cambodia 1800-1904</a><br> <a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a6">Cambodia 1904-50</a><br> <a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a7">Laos 1800-1940</a><br> <a href="20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html#a8">Laos 1940-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html">Vietnam and the French 1800-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a1">Vietnam's Monarchy 1800-57</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a2">French Conquest of Vietnam 1858-85</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a3">Vietnamese Resistance and Doumer 1885-1902</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a4">Vietnamese Nationalists 1902-08</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a5">Vietnam under the French 1909-28</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a6">Vietnamese Revolutionaries 1928-39</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a7">Vietnam during World War II</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a8">Vietnam's August 1945 Revolution</a><br> <a href="20-10-VietnamandFrench.html#a9">French-Vietnam War 1946-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html">Indonesia and the Dutch 1800-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a1">Netherlands East Indies 1800-40</a><br> <a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a2">Netherlands East Indies 1840-1900</a><br> <a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a3">Indonesia under the Dutch 1900-08</a><br> <a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a4">Indonesian Nationalism 1908-27</a><br> <a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a5">Indonesia under Dutch Repression 1927-41</a><br> <a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a6">Japanese Occupation of Indonesia 1942-45</a><br> <a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a7">Indonesia Liberated 1945</a><br> <a href="20-11-Indonesia1800-1950.html#a8">Indonesian Revolution 1946-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html">Australia to 1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a1">Australia as a British Penal Colony 1788-1823</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a2">Australia in Transition 1823-50</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a3">Maconochie's Penal Reforms</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a4">Australia Gold and Democracy 1851-75</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a5">Australia Reforms 1875-87</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a6">Australian Unions and Federation 1887-1900</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a7">White Australia United 1901-14</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a8">Australia in the Great War 1914-19</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a9">Australia Between Wars 1920-39</a><br> <a href="20-12-Australiato1950.html#a10">Australia and World War II 1939-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-13-NewZealandto1950.html">New Zealand to 1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-13-NewZealandto1950.html#a1">Maoris and New Zealand to 1841</a><br> <a href="20-13-NewZealandto1950.html#a2">New Zealand and Maoris 1841-70</a><br> <a href="20-13-NewZealandto1950.html#a3">New Zealand Democracy 1870-1914</a><br> <a href="20-13-NewZealandto1950.html#a4">New Zealand's Reforms 1914-41</a><br> <a href="20-13-NewZealandto1950.html#a5">New Zealand and World War II 1939-50</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of South Asia 1800-1950</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="20-Summary.html#a1">British India 1800-1905</a><br> <a href="20-Summary.html#a2">India's Freedom Struggle 1905-50</a><br> <a href="20-Summary.html#a3">Tibet, Nepal, and Ceylon 1800-1950</a><a href="20-Summary.html#a4"><br> Burma, Malaya, and Siam 1800-1950</a><br> <a href="20-Summary.html#a5">Indochina 1800-1950</a><br> <a href="20-Summary.html#a7">Australia and New Zealand 1800-1950</a><br> <a href="20-Summary.html#a8">Evaluating South Asia 1800-1950</a> </h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="20-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a><a href="14-Bibliography.html"></a></h3>
|
||
<h2><a id="a21" name="a21"></a>Volume 21: EAST ASIA 1800-1949</h2>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-1-QingDecline1799-1875.html">Qing Decline 1799-1875</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-1-QingDecline1799-1875.html#1">Jiajing Era 1799-1820</a><br> <a href="21-1-QingDecline1799-1875.html#2">Li Ruzhen's <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i></a><i><br> </i><a href="21-1-QingDecline1799-1875.html#3">Daoguang Era 1821-50</a><br> <a href="21-1-QingDecline1799-1875.html#4">Opium Wars</a><br> <a href="21-1-QingDecline1799-1875.html#5">Taiping Revolution and Other Rebellions</a><br> <a href="21-1-QingDecline1799-1875.html#6">Qing Reconstruction 1861-75</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-2-QingFall1875-1912.html">Qing Dynasty Fall 1875-1912</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-2-QingFall1875-1912.html#a1">China under Cixi 1875-98</a><br> <a href="21-2-QingFall1875-1912.html#a2">Kang's Reforms of 1898</a><br> <a href="21-2-QingFall1875-1912.html#a3">Boxer Uprising of 1900</a><br> <a href="21-2-QingFall1875-1912.html#a4">Late Qing Reforms 1901-10</a><br> <a href="21-2-QingFall1875-1912.html#a5">Sun Yatsen and Revolutionaries</a><br> <a href="21-2-QingFall1875-1912.html#a6">Chinese Revolution 1911-12</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html">Republican China in Turmoil 1912-1926</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html#a1">Yuan Shikai's Presidency 1912-16</a><br> <a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html#a2">China under Warlords 1916-19</a><br> <a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html#a3">May Fourth Movement of 1919</a><br> <a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html#a4">China's Struggle for Power 1920-24</a><br> <a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html#a5">Sun Yatsen and Guomindang 1920-24</a><br> <a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html#a6">May 30th Movement of 1925-26</a><br> <a href="21-3-RepublicanChina1912-26.html#a7">Lu Xun's Stories</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html">Nationalist-Communist Civil War 1927-1937</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a1">Jiang Jieshi's Nationalist Revolution 1927-28</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a2">Chinese Communism 1927-31</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a3">Nationalist China 1929-34</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a4">Chinese Communism 1932-37</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a5">Nationalist China 1934-37</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a6">Lu Xun's Essays</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a7">Mao Dun, Lao She, and Ba Jin</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a8">Ding Ling and Shen Congwen</a><br> <a href="21-4-ChinaCivilWar1927-37.html#a9">Pearl Buck</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49.html">China at War 1937-1949</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49.html#a1">Japanese Invasion of China 1937-38</a><br> <a href="21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49.html#a2">Fighting the Japanese Occupation 1939-41</a><br> <a href="21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49.html#a3">China's War with Allies 1942-45</a><br> <a href="21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49.html#a4">Jiang, CCP, US, and USSR 1945-46</a><br> <a href="21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49.html#a5">Nationalist-Communist Civil War 1946-49</a><br> <a href="21-5-ChinaatWar1937-49.html#a6">Mao Zedong's Political Philosophy</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-6-Korea.html">Korea 1800-1949</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-6-Korea.html#a1">Korea in Isolation 1800-64</a><br> <a href="21-6-Korea.html#a2">Korea in Transition 1864-93</a><br> <a href="21-6-Korea.html#a3">Korea Reforms 1894-1904</a><br> <a href="21-6-Korea.html#a4">Japan's Annexation of Korea 1904-18</a><br> <a href="21-6-Korea.html#a5">March First Movement 1919-20</a><br> <a href="21-6-Korea.html#a6">Colonial Korea under Japan 1921-45</a><br> <a href="21-6-Korea.html#a7">Korea Liberated and Divided 1945-49</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html">Japan's Modernization 1800-1894</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html#a1">Japan Isolated 1800-37</a><br> <a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html#a2">Japan's Transition 1837-67</a><br> <a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html#a3">Meiji Restoration 1868-73</a><br> <a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html#a4">Meiji Conflicts 1873-77</a><br> <a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html#a5">People's Rights Movement 1877-84</a><br> <a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html#a6">Japan's Constitutional Development 1884-94</a><br> <a href="21-7-JapanModernization1800-94.html#a7">Fukuzawa Yukichi's Ethics</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html">Imperial Japan 1894-1937</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html#a1">Japan's Growing Military 1894-1903</a><br> <a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html#a2">Japan's Victory over Russia 1904-05</a><br> <a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html#a3">Japan Between Wars 1906-14</a><br> <a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html#a4">Japan in the World War 1914-19</a><br> <a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html#a5">Japanese Progress 1920-30</a><br> <a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html#a6">Japan Takes Manchuria 1931-33</a><br> <a href="21-8-ImperialJapan1894-1937.html#a7">Japan's Militarism 1933-37</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html">Japan's War and Defeat 1937-1949</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a1">Japan Invades China 1937-38</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a2">Japan's Occupation of China 1939-40</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a3">Japanese and American Diplomacy in 1941</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a4">Japan's Aggressive War 1941-42</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a5">Japan's Losing War 1943-45</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a6">Japan's Defeat and Surrender</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a7">American Occupation of Japan in 1945</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a8">American Occupation of Japan 1946-49</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a9">Trials of Japanese War Crimes</a><br> <a href="21-9-JapansWar1937-49.html#a10">Censorship and Kurosawa's Early Films</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html">Philippines 1800-1949</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a1">Philippines under Spain to 1800</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a2">Philippines under Spain 1800-80</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a3">Rizal and Filipino Reformers 1880-96</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a4">Filipino Revolution 1896-98</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a5">US Intervention and Filipino Independence 1898</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a6">Filipino-American War 1899-1902</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a7">Philippines under US Republicans 1902-10</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a8">Philippines under Americans 1910-33</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a9">Philippines and Quezon 1933-41</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a10">Philippines, Japan, and MacArthur 1941-45</a><br> <a href="21-10-Philippinesto1949.html#a11">Philippines American Independence 1945-49</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html">Pacific Islands 1800-1949</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a1">Micronesia to 1949</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a2">Melanesia to 1949</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a3">Fiji and Tonga to 1949</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a4">Samoa to 1899</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a5">Samoa Divided 1899-1949</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a6">Tahiti to 1949</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a7">Hawaiian Islands to 1836</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a8">Hawaiian Islands 1836-76</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a9">Hawaii and the United States 1876-1900</a><br> <a href="21-11-PacificIslandsto1949.html#a10">Hawaii under the United States 1900-49</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-Summary.html">Summary and Evaluation of East Asia 1800-1949</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="21-Summary.html#a1">Qing Decline 1800-1912</a><br> <a href="21-Summary.html#a2">China's Long Revolution 1912-49</a><br> <a href="21-Summary.html#a3">Korea 1800-1949</a><br> <a href="21-Summary.html#a4">Japan's Modernization 1800-1930</a><br> <a href="21-Summary.html#a5">Japan's Imperial Wars 1931-1949</a><br> <a href="21-Summary.html#a6">Philippines</a><br> <a href="21-Summary.html#a7">Pacific Islands</a><br> <a href="21-Summary.html#a8">Evaluating East Asia 1800-1949</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="21-Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a> </h3>
|
||
<div align="left"></div>
|
||
<h3><a href="Bolivar.html">Bolivar and South American Liberation</a></h3>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<h4><a href="Bolivar.html#1">Bolivar in Venezuela 1808-13<br> </a><a href="Bolivar.html#2">Bolivar in Venezuela 1814-19<br> </a><a href="Bolivar.html#3">Bolivar and Colombia 1819-22<br> </a><a href="Bolivar.html#4">Bolivar in Peru and Bolivia 1823-26<br> </a><a href="Bolivar.html#5">Bolivar and Northern Conflicts 1824-30</a></h4>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h3><a href="EC-Chronology.html">World Chronology</a></h3>
|
||
<h3>ETHICS OF CIVILIZATION PLAN:</h3>
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<h3><a href="#1">Volume 1: MIDEAST & AFRICA to 1700<br> </a><a href="#2">Volume 2: INDIA & SOUTHEAST ASIA to 1800</a><br> <a href="#3">Volume 3: CHINA, KOREA & JAPAN to 1800<br> </a><a href="#4">Volume 4: GREECE & ROME to 30 BC<br> </a><a href="#5">Volume 5: ROMAN EMPIRE 30 BC to 610<br> </a><a href="#6">Volume 6: MEDIEVAL EUROPE 610-1250<br> </a><a href="#a7">Volume 7. MEDIEVAL EUROPE 1250-1400</a><br> <a href="#a8">Volume 8. EUROPE & HUMANISM 1400-1517</a><br> <a href="#a9">Volume 9: EUROPE & Reform 1517-1588</a><br> <a href="#a10">Volume 10: EUROPE: Wars & Plays 1588-1648</a><br> <a href="#11">Volume 11: AMERICA to 1744</a><br> <a href="#a12">Volume 12: EUROPE & Kings 1648-1715</a><a href="#12"></a><br> <a href="#a13">Volume 13: AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS 1744-1817</a><br> Volume 14. EUROPE & Kings 1715-1775<br> Volume 15. EUROPE & REVOLUTION 1775-1825<br> <a href="#a16">Volume 16. MIDEAST & AFRICA 1700-1950</a><br> Volume 17. AMERICAN CONFLICT 1817-1865<br> Volume 18. EUROPE'S PROGRESS 1825-1871<br> Volume 19. AMERICAN PROGRESS 1865-1913<br> <a href="#a20">Volume 20: SOUTH ASIA 1800-1950<br> </a><a href="#a21">Volume 21: EAST ASIA 1800-1949</a><br> Volume 22. EUROPE & IMPERIALISM 1871-1914<br> Volume 23. AMERICA & WAR 1913-1950<br> Volume 24. EUROPE'S WARS 1914-1950 <br> Volume 25. EUROPE'S COLD WAR 1950-1989<br> Volume 26. SOUTH ASIA 1950-2024<br> Volume 27. EAST ASIA 1950-2024<br> Volume 28. AFRICA & MIDEAST 1950-2024<br> Volume 29. AMERICA'S COLD WAR 1950-1989<br> Volume 30. EUROPEAN UNION 1990-2024<br> Volume 31. AMERICAN POWER 1990-2024 <br> Volume 32. GLOBAL CULTURE 2025-2032</h3>
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<h3><a href="EC-Chronology.html">World Chronology to 30 BC<br> </a><a href="AB-Chronology.html">World Chronology 30 BC to 750 CE<br> </a><a href="AB-Chronology750-1300.html">World Chronology 750-1300<br> </a><a href="Chronology1300-1875.html">World Chronology 1300-1588<br> </a><a href="Chronology1588.html">World Chronology 1588-1648</a><a href="Chronology1300-1875.html"> </a><a href="AB-Chronology750-1300.html"><br> </a><a href="Chronology-Mideast%26Africa.html">Chronology of Mideast & Africa to 1950</a><a href="AB-Chronology.html"><br> </a><a href="Chronology-SouthAsia.html">Chronology of South Asia to 1950<br> </a><a href="Chronology-EastAsia.html">Chronology of East Asia to 1950<br> </a><a href="Chronology-Asia,Africa.html">Chronology of Asia & Africa to 1800<br> </a><a href="Chronology-Asia,Africa1800-1950.html">Chronology of Asia & Africa 1800-1950</a><a href="Chronology-Asia,Africa.html"><br> </a><a href="Chronology-Europe.html">Chronology of Europe to 1400</a><a href="AB-Chronology750-1300.html"><br> </a><a href="Chronology-Europe-1400.html">Chronology of Europe 1400-1588</a><a href="Chronology-Europe-1588.html"><br> Chronology of Europe 1588-1648</a><a href="AB-Chronology750-1300.html"> <br> </a><a href="ChronologyAmerica.html">Chronology of America to 1817</a></h3>
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